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Entrepreneurship Programs in Developing Countries: A ... - IYFLive.net

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Table 1. Distribution and Def<strong>in</strong>itions of the Outcomes of InterestOutcomes of <strong>in</strong>terest Def<strong>in</strong>itions Frequency1. Labor market activities 242 [21.7%]Bus<strong>in</strong>ess set up and expansion B<strong>in</strong>ary <strong>in</strong>dicator of bus<strong>in</strong>ess setup or exansionEmployment (self employment) B<strong>in</strong>ary <strong>in</strong>dicator of employment status or employment ratesHours of work(Weekly) Hours of work <strong>in</strong> labor market or bus<strong>in</strong>essUnemploymentB<strong>in</strong>ary <strong>in</strong>dicator of unemployment statusBus<strong>in</strong>ess clos<strong>in</strong>gB<strong>in</strong>ary <strong>in</strong>dicator of bus<strong>in</strong>ess clos<strong>in</strong>g2. Labor market <strong>in</strong>come 309 [27.7%]Household <strong>in</strong>comeChanges <strong>in</strong> household <strong>in</strong>comeHousehold assetsChanges <strong>in</strong> household assetsProfits (from household bus<strong>in</strong>ess) (Monthly) profits from bus<strong>in</strong>essEarn<strong>in</strong>gsSalary and payment for laborConsumptionsHousehold expenditure/consumption on durable/nondurablegoods3. F<strong>in</strong>ancial behavior 126 [11.3%]Hav<strong>in</strong>g a loan (formal, <strong>in</strong>formal) B<strong>in</strong>ary <strong>in</strong>dicator of hav<strong>in</strong>g a (formal/<strong>in</strong>formal) loanHav<strong>in</strong>g an <strong>in</strong>surance or sav<strong>in</strong>gs B<strong>in</strong>ary <strong>in</strong>dicator of hav<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>surance scheme or sav<strong>in</strong>gAmount of loan/sav<strong>in</strong>g changed Indicator of <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> the amount of loan/sav<strong>in</strong>gs4. Bus<strong>in</strong>ess knowledge and practice 155 [13.9%]Bus<strong>in</strong>ess knowledgeGeneral bus<strong>in</strong>ess knowledge <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the abilities tocalculate profits, manage stocks, and make <strong>in</strong>vestmentInnovationB<strong>in</strong>ary <strong>in</strong>dicator of adopt<strong>in</strong>g new technology or develop<strong>in</strong>gnew productAccess to <strong>net</strong>workB<strong>in</strong>ary <strong>in</strong>dicator of hav<strong>in</strong>g an access to the <strong>net</strong>work of<strong>in</strong>dividuals with bus<strong>in</strong>esses or marketAccount<strong>in</strong>g practiceB<strong>in</strong>ary <strong>in</strong>dicator of book and record keep<strong>in</strong>g, and separationof <strong>in</strong>dividual and bus<strong>in</strong>ess accounts.5. Bus<strong>in</strong>ess performance 184 [16.5%]Bus<strong>in</strong>ess expensesChanges <strong>in</strong> the amount of bus<strong>in</strong>ess expenses (<strong>in</strong>ventory,salary, etc)Sales from the bus<strong>in</strong>ess Changes <strong>in</strong> the salesNumber of employeesChanges <strong>in</strong> the number of (paid/unpaid) employeesCapital and <strong>in</strong>vestment Changes <strong>in</strong> stocks, <strong>in</strong>vestment, and <strong>in</strong>ventories6. Attitudes 100 [9.0%]Attitude torward bus<strong>in</strong>ess Attitude toward entrepreneurial activities and traitsConfidence and optimism Changes <strong>in</strong> confidence or positivity toward labor marketprospect and futureRisk and time preference Risk tak<strong>in</strong>g attitude and discount rate of future benefitsDecision mak<strong>in</strong>g and reservation Changes <strong>in</strong> decision mak<strong>in</strong>g process and reservation wagewageNotes: The frequency <strong>in</strong>dicates the number of observations of each outcome category. The proportions of eachcategory are specified <strong>in</strong> the brackets.28

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