© <strong>2013</strong> International Bank for Reconstruction and <strong>Development</strong> / The <strong>World</strong> Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.orgSome rights reserved1 2 3 4 16 15 14 13This work is a product of the staff of The <strong>World</strong> Bank with external contributions. Note that The <strong>World</strong>Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content included in the work. The <strong>World</strong> Banktherefore does not warrant that the use of the content contained in the work will not infringe onthe rights of third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you.The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect theviews of The <strong>World</strong> Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The<strong>World</strong> Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries,colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgmenton the part of The <strong>World</strong> Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsementor acceptance of such boundaries.Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privilegesand immunities of The <strong>World</strong> Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.Rights and PermissionsThis work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license (CC BY 3.0)http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license,you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes,under the following conditions:Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: <strong>World</strong> Bank. <strong>2013</strong>. <strong>World</strong> <strong>Development</strong> <strong>Indicators</strong><strong>2013</strong>. Washington, DC: <strong>World</strong> Bank. doi: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9824-1. License: CreativeCommons Attribution CC BY 3.0Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer alongwith the attribution: This translation was not created by The <strong>World</strong> Bank and should not beconsidered an official <strong>World</strong> Bank translation. The <strong>World</strong> Bank shall not be liable for anycontent or error in this translation.All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The <strong>World</strong>Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org.ISBN (paper): 978-0-8213-9824-1ISBN (electronic): 978-0-8213-9825-8DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9824-1Cover photo: Arne Hoel/<strong>World</strong> Bank; Cover design: Communications <strong>Development</strong> Incorporated.Other photos: page xviii, Arne Hoel/<strong>World</strong> Bank; page 34, Kim Eun Yeul/<strong>World</strong> Bank; page 50, CurtCarnemark/<strong>World</strong> Bank; page 64, Gerardo Pesantez/ <strong>World</strong> Bank; page 78, Maria Fleischmann/<strong>World</strong> Bank; page 92, Curt Carnemark/<strong>World</strong> Bank.
PrefaceWelcome to <strong>World</strong> <strong>Development</strong> <strong>Indicators</strong> <strong>2013</strong>, the<strong>World</strong> Bank’s premier compilation of relevant, highquality,and internationally comparable statisticsabout global development.The first edition of <strong>World</strong> <strong>Development</strong> <strong>Indicators</strong>in 1997 included this forecast: “The global economyis undergoing an information revolution that will beas significant in effect as the industrial revolution ofthe nineteenth century.” At that time the number ofmobile phones worldwide was estimated to be lessthan 2 per 100 people, with eight times as manytelephone mainlines. <strong>World</strong> <strong>Development</strong> <strong>Indicators</strong>has tracked the revolution: this edition reports thatmobile phone subscriptions in 2011 grew to 85 per100 people—a more than fortyfold increase.This is just one example of how people were communicatingand acquiring knowledge and how informationwas changing. But in addition to measuringthe change, <strong>World</strong> <strong>Development</strong> <strong>Indicators</strong> has felt itdirectly. Use of the online database and the toolsthat access it—particularly the <strong>Open</strong> Data website(http://data.worldbank.org), the web-based DataBankquery application (http://databank.worldbank.org),and applications for mobile devices—has increaseddramatically.And so we have refined and improved the presentationof this 17th edition. Our aim is to find thebest way to put data in the hands of policymakers,development specialists, students, and the public,so that they may use the data to reduce poverty andsolve the world’s most pressing development challenges.The biggest change is that the data tablespreviously published in the book are now availableonline (http://wdi.worldbank.org/tables). This hasmany advantages: The tables will reflect the latestadditions and revisions to the data. They will be availableto a far greater audience. And they will be freefor everyone.<strong>World</strong> <strong>Development</strong> <strong>Indicators</strong> <strong>2013</strong> is organizedaround six themes—world view, people, environment,economy, states and markets, and global links. Eachsection includes an introduction, a set of six storieshighlighting regional trends, a table of the most relevantand popular indicators, and an index to the fullset of tables and indicators available online. <strong>World</strong>view also reviews progress toward the Millennium<strong>Development</strong> Goals.Other companion products include The Little DataBook <strong>2013</strong>, which provides an at-a-glance view of indicatorsfor each economy, and a new version of theDataFinder mobile application, available in Chinese,English, French, and Spanish and designed to reflectthe structure and tables of <strong>World</strong> <strong>Development</strong> <strong>Indicators</strong><strong>2013</strong>, for both tablet and handheld devices andfor all major mobile platforms (http://data.worldbank.org/apps).<strong>World</strong> <strong>Development</strong> <strong>Indicators</strong> is the result of acollaborative effort of many partners: the UnitedNations family, the International Monetary Fund, theInternational Telecommunication Union, the Organisationfor Economic Co-operation and <strong>Development</strong>,the statistical offices of more than 200 economies,and countless others. I extend my gratitude to themall—and especially to government statisticians aroundthe world. Without their hard work, professionalism,and dedication, measuring and monitoring trends inglobal development would not be possible.We hope you will find the new <strong>World</strong> <strong>Development</strong><strong>Indicators</strong> a useful resource, and we welcome any suggestionsto improve it at data@worldbank.org.Shaida BadieeDirector<strong>Development</strong> Economics Data GroupEconomy States and markets Global links Back<strong>World</strong> <strong>Development</strong> <strong>Indicators</strong> <strong>2013</strong> iii
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- Page 22 and 23: WORLDVIEW?xviii World Development I
- Page 24 and 25: Goal 1 Eradicate extreme povertyPov
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PEOPLE34 World Development Indicato
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HighlightsEast Asia & Pacific: Narr
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2 PeoplePrevalenceof childmalnutrit
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2 PeoplePrevalenceof childmalnutrit
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2 PeoplePrevalenceof childmalnutrit
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2 Peopleregistration systems or, in
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2 PeopleDefinitions• Prevalence o
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2 PeopleShare of consumption or inc
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ENVIRONMENT50 World Development Ind
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HighlightsEast Asia & Pacific: More
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3 EnvironmentDeforestation aaverage
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3 EnvironmentDeforestation aaverage
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3 EnvironmentDeforestation aaverage
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3 Environmentpollution, alone or wi
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3 EnvironmentOnline tables and indi
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ECONOMY64 World Development Indicat
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HighlightsEast Asia & Pacific: Serv
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4 EconomyGross domestic productGros
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4 EconomyGross domestic productGros
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4 EconomyGross domestic productGros
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4 Economysame extent as the foreign
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4 EconomyOnline tables and indicato
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STATES ANDMARKETS78 World Developme
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HighlightsEast Asia & Pacific: Pate
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5 States and marketsBusinessentryde
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5 States and marketsTo access the W
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GLOBALLINKS92 World Development Ind
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HighlightsEast Asia & Pacific: Equi
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6 Global linksMerchandisetradeNet b
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6 Global linksMerchandisetradeNet b
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6 Global linkslabor, entrepreneuria
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6 Global linksOnline tables and ind
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106 World Development Indicators 20
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Primary data documentationCurrencyN
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Primary data documentationCurrencyN
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Primary data documentation notes•
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Statistical methodsThis section des
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Statistical methodsinternational in
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CreditsTabary, Bala Bhaskar Naidu K
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ECO-AUDITEnvironmental Benefits Sta