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216 Managing Systems of Secondary CitiesAnnex 4Urban Indicators for Selected Country Case StudiesPopulationNumber of cities/agglomerations by populationCountry10 largestcitiesLargest cityTotal numberof citiesUnder500,000500,000-1 million1-5 million 5-10 million >10millionAustraliaAngolaBrazilColombiaEthiopiaIndiaIndonesiaKenyaKorea (South)NigeriaSenegalSouth AfricaTunisiaTurkeyVietnam22,80019,698196,65546,29584,7341,241,492242,32641,61048,391162,47112,76850,46010,59473,64088,79213,5024,82733,94917,1134,76060,10328,0555,76325,62131,0193,06317,7092,20627,9968,5404,4282,82511,3777,5393,48014,2829,7513,4769,77210,5772,6823,79574312,9006,1671710261461655620877068768879311092233615461180548466557662820236049151121106171511331431219917052001101101100001001002000100010“City” is defined as settlement with a population of 100,000 or more • Kenya and Senegal all have less than 10 cities defined. Calculation for population10 largest cities is for the total number of cities as defined. • Figures taken from www.world-gazetteer.comAustraliaAngolaBrazilColombiaEthiopiaIndiaIndonesiaKenyaKorea (South)NigeriaSenegalSouth AfricaTunisiaTurkeyVietnamUrban services (% of urban population with access) EnvironmentSanitation Solid wastemanagementReticulatedwater100858582295873321003570869697942011100-9598--80-----95--10060100999797928210074939999100992011Air pollution Urban waterPM10 (country level) quality145619205157683033428026233750Land markets largest secondary cityHomeownership7349Land $(per ha)PrivateownershipSanitation = urban population with at least adequate access to excreta-disposal facilities that can effectively prevent human, animal and insect contactwith excreta. • Reticulated water = water provided from a source such as a household connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected well or springand rainwater collection. • PM = particulate matter, which affects people more than any other pollutant. The aim is to achieve the lowest concentrationspossible. Data from 2009 • Home ownership according to tenure status of housing - urban households
Annexes 217Annex 4 continuedUrban Indicators for Selected Country Case StudiesSocialAverageincomeTotal povertyratiohead countUrban povertyratiohead countUnemploymentrate (%)Literacy rate(% adults)Hospital beds(per 10,000)Gini coefficient(country)AustraliaAngolaBrazilColombiaEthiopiaIndiaIndonesiaKenyaKorea (South)NigeriaSenegalSouth AfricaTunisiaTurkeyVietnam44,93835,406--21.437.2-29.812.5------18.114.5---33-20.99.2------8.93.35.2-8.311.620.5-7.1-3.7--23.814.211.92.4-709093100-9287-6150897891933.8-2.416.3-0.61.410.3-0.3-2.12.53.1--54.755.9-----48.8-63.1-3935.6UrbanizationUrbanpopulation(% of total)Ruralpopulation(% of total)Urban annualgrowth rate (%)Projectedannual urbangrowth rate (%)Populationdensity(per sq km)Averagepopulationdensities(urban)Averagepopulationdensities(non-urban)Australia89113.91.631,700Angola59611.50.515Brazil85151.2-0.123Colombia75251.70.442Ethiopia17833.62.483India31692.51.4412Indonesia51492.50.5132Kenya24764.4371Korea (South)83170.7-0.5509Nigeria50503.82.4174Senegal43573.32.265South Africa62381.20.541Tunisia66341.30.368Turkey72282.40.295Vietnam316930.9280
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First published in Belgium in 2014
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Contents1 Introduction 161.1 The Ch
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8.2 Policy and Programme Initiative
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Executive SummaryCities are becomin
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• Population size is still a dete
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ForewordAs the world completes its
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Introduction 17well behind more adv
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Introduction 191.3 Contents of the
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Secondary Cities: Definitions and C
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Secondary Cities: Definitions and C
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Bach Ninh, one of aseries of new ci
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Children earn a livingby transporti
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32 Managing Systems of Secondary Ci
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3Secondary City Urbanization Trends
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4New Urban Economic Geographyof Sec
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844.5.1 Bolstering Endogenous Devel
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5Overcoming the Challenges ofSecond
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100 Managing Systems of Secondary C
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108Targeted Investmentsin secondary
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6Policy Responses to Secondary Citi
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Urban revitalization inStone Town,
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7Regional Approaches to SecondaryCi
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Regional Approaches to Secondary Ci
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Page 165 and 166: Regional Approaches to Secondary Ci
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Page 191 and 192: What is apparent from the review of
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Page 209 and 210: Annexes 209AnnexesThe annexes set o
Page 211 and 212: Annexes 211Annex 1 continuedPopulat
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Page 215: Annexes 215Annex 3Number of Cities
Page 219 and 220: References 219ReferencesAbdel-Rahma
Page 221 and 222: References 221and reassessment of a
Page 223 and 224: References 223Roberts and T. Kanale
Page 225 and 226: References 225USAID (1984). USAID p
Page 227 and 228: Index 227planning failures, impacts
Page 229 and 230: Index 229urbanization and secondary
Page 231 and 232: Index 231colonial administrations,i
Page 233: References 233SECONDARY CITIES have
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