the earth (ground) and the location <strong>of</strong> naturalor artificial objects thereon.(2) Planimetric mapping is defined as producing amap that presents the horizontal positions onlyfor the features represented; distinguishedfrom a topographic map by the omission <strong>of</strong>relief in measurable form.(3) Airborne and spaceborne surveys are definedas the use <strong>of</strong> photogrammetry, LIDAR,IFSAR, or other similar measurementtechnologies for obtaining reliable informationabout physical objects and the environment,including terrain surface, through the process<strong>of</strong> recording, measuring, and interpretingimages and patterns <strong>of</strong> electromagnetic radiantenergy and other phenomena. Minimumallowable photogrammetric productionprocedures and standards are herebyestablished for photogrammetric mapping anddigital data production.(b) Production procedures for topographic and planimetricmapping surveys shall be in accordance with the standardsestablished by Chapter 3 <strong>of</strong> the Federal Geographic DataCommittee (FGDC) Geospatial Positioning Accuracy Standardand applicable extensions and revisions. These standards areincorporated by reference including subsequent amendments andeditions. The material is available from the Board <strong>of</strong>fice at acost <strong>of</strong> five dollars ($5.00) per copy or from the FGDC.(c) Topographic or planimetric maps, orthophotos, and/or relatedelectronic data, unless clearly marked as "Preliminary Map,"shall meet contractually specified FGDC Standards forhorizontal and vertical accuracies (in the absence <strong>of</strong> specifiedstandards, the National Map Accuracy Standards apply) andshall be sealed, signed and dated by the licensee.(d) When the resulting product is a digital (electronic) data set,or a map or document consists <strong>of</strong> more than one sheet orotherwise cannot be signed and sealed, a project report shall becertified, signed and sealed. Such report shall be clearly marked"Preliminary" if applicable.(e) Ground control for topographic and planimetric mappingprojects shall be in North Carolina State Plane CoordinateSystem grid coordinates and distances when the project is tied toGrid. A minimum <strong>of</strong> one permanent project vertical controlpoint shall be shown.(f) The project map or report shall contain the applicablefollowing information:PROPOSED RULES(1) Date <strong>of</strong> original data acquisition;(2) Altitude <strong>of</strong> sensor and sensor focal length, asapplicable;(3) Date <strong>of</strong> document or data set compilation;(4) If hard copy product is produced, the mapsshall contain a north arrow, map legend, finaldocument scale, including bargraph, andcontour interval, as applicable;(5) Coordinate system for horizontal and verticaldenoting SI or English units (i.e., NAD83,assumed, or other coordinate system);(6) A list or note showing the control points usedfor the project. The minimum data shown foreach point shall include: physical attributes(i.e. iron rod, railroad spike, etc), latitude andlongitude (or X and Y Grid coordinates), andelevation, as applicable;(7) If other data is included, the source andaccuracy <strong>of</strong> those items must be clearlyindicated;(8) A statement <strong>of</strong> accuracy complying withcontractually specified FGDC standardsconsistent with Paragraph (c) <strong>of</strong> this Rule;(9) For topographic maps or data sets, contours inareas obscured by man-made or naturalfeatures shall be uniquely identified orenclosed by a polygon clearly identifying theobscured area. The accuracies <strong>of</strong> the contoursor <strong>of</strong> features in this obscured area shall benoted "No reliance is to be placed on theaccuracy <strong>of</strong> these contours;"(10) A vicinity map depicting the project locationshall appear on the first sheet <strong>of</strong> all hard copymaps or in the report accompanying digitalfiles;(11) Company name, address and phone number;and(12) The name <strong>of</strong> the client for whom the projectwas conducted.(g) Nothing in this Section shall be construed to negate orreplace the relative accuracy standards found in Rules .<strong>16</strong>01through .<strong>16</strong>08.(h) A certificate, substantially in the following form, shall beaffixed to all maps or reports:"I, ______________________, certify that this project was completed under my direct and responsible charge from an actual (insert asappropriate: grond, airborne, photogrammetric) survey made under my supervision; that this photogrammetric survey was performedto meet Federal Geographic Data Committee Standards as applicable; that the imagery and/or original data was obtained on_____(date)__________; that the photogrammetric survey was completed on ___(date)_______; that contours shown as [broken lines]may not meet the stated standard; and all coordinates are based on ______________.(i) Documents transmitted electronically shall have thecomputer-generated seal removed from the original file and acopy <strong>of</strong> the project report shall be signed, sealed and sent to theclient. The electronic data shall have the following inserted inlieu <strong>of</strong> the signature and date:"This document originally issued and sealed by (name <strong>of</strong> sealer),(license number), on (date <strong>of</strong> sealing). This electronic mediashall not be considered a certified document. See the projectreport for certificate and seal."Authority G.S. 89C-10; 89C-20.21 <strong>NC</strong>AC 56 .<strong>16</strong>07 GLOBAL POSITIONINGSYSTEM SURVEYS(a) General. Global Positioning System (GPS) surveys aredefined as any survey performed by using the GPS3-dimensional measurement system based on observations <strong>of</strong> the<strong>16</strong>:<strong>15</strong> NORTH CAROLINA REGISTER February 1, 2002<strong>16</strong>73
adio signals <strong>of</strong> the Department <strong>of</strong> Defense's NAVSTAR(Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging) GPS System. AllGPS boundary and geodetic control surveys, aerial photographycontrol surveys, and GIS/LIS collection surveys <strong>of</strong> featuresincluded in G.S. 89C-3(7) performed in North Carolina shall beperformed by a Pr<strong>of</strong>essional Land Surveyor licensed in NorthCarolina.(b) Geodetic control surveys for inclusion <strong>of</strong> the data in theNational Spatial Data Network (Blue Book) shall be performedin accordance with specifications established by the FederalGeographic Data Committee (FGDC) and the National GeodeticSurvey. These specifications are incorporated by referenceincluding subsequent amendments and editions. The material isavailable for inspection at the <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> the North CarolinaGeodetic Survey, 121 W. Jones Street (Elks Building), Raleigh,North Carolina 27603. Copies may be obtained at the <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong>the North Carolina Geodetic Survey. GPS surveys performed toPROPOSED RULESother Federal Standards shall conform to the appropriate Federalstandard procedures for the specific project.The Pr<strong>of</strong>essional Land Surveyor in responsible charge <strong>of</strong> theGPS survey shall certify, sign and seal all prepared documents.When a map or document consists <strong>of</strong> more than one sheet, onlyone sheet must contain the certificate and all others must besigned and sealed. The certificate shall contain the followinginformation:(1) Class <strong>of</strong> GPS survey.(2) Type <strong>of</strong> GPS field procedure (Static,Kinematic, Pseudo-Kinematic).(3) Type <strong>of</strong> adjustment used.(4) Dates <strong>of</strong> survey.(5) Type and model <strong>of</strong> GPS receivers used.(6) What datum coordinates or geographicpositions are base on.The certification shall be substantially in the following form:"I, ____________________, certify that this map was drawn under my supervision from an actual GPS survey made under mysupervision; that this GPS survey was performed to ________________ FGCC specifications and that I used __________________.GPS field procedures and coordinates were obtained by _________________ adjustment. That this survey was performed on___________________ using (type) (number) <strong>of</strong> receivers and all coordinates are based on ______________.Prepared documents shall include coordinates (see Paragraph (f).<strong>of</strong> this Rule for the list <strong>of</strong> data to show) <strong>of</strong> all monuments and amap showing all non-trivial vectors measured. The map shallalso contain the following information:(1) Scale (bar or numerical).(2) Legend.(3) Loop closures before any adjustment.(4) Certification.(5) Company name, address and phone number.(c) GPS surveys performed to provide local control networksfor use as a network base shall be performed using static or rapidstatic methods. These surveys shall be performed in such amanner that a 95% confidence level <strong>of</strong> the positional accuracy <strong>of</strong>each point relative to the published positions <strong>of</strong> the controlpoints used and shall meet the accuracy standards <strong>of</strong> a Class AAsurvey as set out in Rule .<strong>16</strong>03.(d) GPS surveys performed to provide local horizontal orvertical Grid control on a parcel <strong>of</strong> land where the boundary ortopography <strong>of</strong> that parcel will be shown relative to <strong>NC</strong> Gridhorizontal or vertical datum shall be performed using static orrapid static techniques, or kinematic or real time kinematictechniques. These surveys shall be performed using techniquesthat will provide the standards <strong>of</strong> accuracy for the class <strong>of</strong> surveybeing performed while determining the horizontal or verticalpositions <strong>of</strong> objects as set out in Rule .<strong>16</strong>03 or Rule .<strong>16</strong>06 <strong>of</strong> thisSection, as applicable.(e) All plats, maps, and reports published based upon this type<strong>of</strong> GPS survey shall contain a statement worded substantially asfollows: "The <strong>NC</strong> Grid coordinates shown on this [plat or report]were derived by [static or rapid static or kinematic or real timekinematic] differential GPS observations using [number <strong>of</strong>receivers] [brand name] [model number] receivers. The vectorswere adjusted using the fixed station(s) shown using [s<strong>of</strong>twarebrand and program name] s<strong>of</strong>tware producing a weighted leastsquares adjustment <strong>of</strong> the [WGS 84 or NAD 83 or other system]positions. The median vector error is computed to be [x.x] ppm.A loop <strong>of</strong> [miles or kilometers or feet or meters] using the unadjustedvectors passing through the fixed and derived controlstations yields a loop precision <strong>of</strong> [1:xxx or xx.x ppm]."(f) A list or note showing the fixed station(s) used for theproject shall appear on the map, plat, or report. The minimumdata shown for each fixed station shall be station name, latitude,longitude, elevation (ellipsoid or orthometric), and geoid heightand epoch (93, 96, 99, etc.), and the coordinate reference system.State plane coordinates may be added if desired.Authority G.S. 89C-10; 89C-20.21 <strong>NC</strong>AC 56 .<strong>16</strong>08 CLASSIFICATION/LANDINFORMATION SYSTEM/GEOGRAPHICINFORMATION SYSTEM SURVEYS(a) General: Land Information System/Geographic InformationSystem (LIS/GIS) surveys are defined as the measurement <strong>of</strong>existing surface and subsurface features for the purpose <strong>of</strong>determining their accurate geospatial location for inclusion in anLIS/GIS database. All LIS/GIS surveys as they relate toproperty lines, rights-<strong>of</strong>-way, easements, subdivisions <strong>of</strong> land,the position for any survey monument or reference point, thedetermination <strong>of</strong> the configuration or contour <strong>of</strong> the earth'ssurface or the position <strong>of</strong> fixed objects thereon, and geodeticsurveying which includes surveying for determination <strong>of</strong> the sizeand shape <strong>of</strong> the earth both horizontally and vertically and theprecise positioning <strong>of</strong> points on the earth utilizing angular andlinear measurements through spatially oriented sphericalgeometry, shall be performed by a Land Surveyor who is alicensee <strong>of</strong> this Board. For the purpose <strong>of</strong> specifying minimumallowable surveying standards, three general classifications <strong>of</strong>LIS/GIS surveys are established:(1) Urban and Suburban LIS/GIS surveys (ClassA). Urban and suburban LIS/GIS surveysinclude the location <strong>of</strong> features within landswhich lie in or adjoining a town or city. For<strong>16</strong>:<strong>15</strong> NORTH CAROLINA REGISTER February 1, 2002<strong>16</strong>74