private and group tutoring in egypt: where is the gender inequality?
private and group tutoring in egypt: where is the gender inequality?
private and group tutoring in egypt: where is the gender inequality?
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Table 8: Private Tutor<strong>in</strong>g ProbitsIndividual character<strong>is</strong>ticsProbit(1)Bivariate Probit(2)Governorate FixedEffects(3)GovernorateR<strong>and</strong>om Effects(4)Female -0.03 -0.03 -0.028 -0.028-0.88 -0.87 -0.8 -0.82Age <strong>group</strong> 12-14 0.616 0.614 0.632 0.628(14.50)*** (14.43)*** (14.72)*** (14.65)***Age <strong>group</strong> 15-19 0.561 0.558 0.574 0.569(11.75)*** (11.70)*** (11.93)*** (11.80)***Eldest child 0.093 0.097 0.083 0.085(2.25)** (2.33)** (1.99)** (2.03)**Son/daughter of head 0.088 0.085 0.113 0.108-1.32 -1.27 (1.66)* -1.6Late -0.059 -0.06 -0.074 -0.073-1.01 -1.03 -1.26 -1.25School operates <strong>in</strong> shifts -0.004 -0.005 0.016 0.016-0.1 -0.12 -0.43 -0.44Diploma year 0.28 0.279 0.292 0.289(6.83)*** (6.81)*** (7.06)*** (6.99)***Household character<strong>is</strong>ticsFa<strong>the</strong>r's years of school<strong>in</strong>g 0.046 0.046 0.043 0.041(4.03)*** (4.03)*** (3.78)*** (3.60)***Square of fa<strong>the</strong>r's years of -0.003 -0.003 -0.003 -0.003school<strong>in</strong>g(4.11)*** (4.10)*** (4.05)*** (3.90)***Mo<strong>the</strong>r's years of school<strong>in</strong>g 0.029 0.028 0.036 0.035Square of mo<strong>the</strong>r's years ofschool<strong>in</strong>g(2.48)** (2.43)** (3.05)*** (2.98)***-0.003 -0.002 -0.003 -0.003(3.14)*** (3.09)*** (3.32)*** (3.33)***Fa<strong>the</strong>r absent temporarily 0.18 0.171 0.194 0.186(2.15)** (2.03)** (2.28)** (2.19)**Fa<strong>the</strong>r absent permanently 0.168 0.165 0.165 0.155(2.36)** (2.32)** (2.30)** (2.17)**Mo<strong>the</strong>r absent 0.074 0.071 0.09 0.08-0.67 -0.64 -0.79 -0.71HH <strong>in</strong> 2nd lowest urbanqu<strong>in</strong>tile0.263 0.26 0.24 0.226(3.90)*** (3.87)*** (3.53)*** (3.36)***HH <strong>in</strong> third urban qu<strong>in</strong>tile 0.325 0.324 0.293 0.269(4.49)*** (4.48)*** (4.01)*** (3.75)***HH <strong>in</strong> fourth urban qu<strong>in</strong>tile 0.43 0.429 0.381 0.35(5.64)*** (5.64)*** (4.94)*** (4.67)***HH <strong>in</strong> fifth urban qu<strong>in</strong>tile 0.486 0.484 0.444 0.401(5.53)*** (5.50)*** (5.05)*** (4.80)***HH <strong>in</strong> 2nd lowest ruralqu<strong>in</strong>tile0.235 0.227 0.201 0.206(2.20)** (2.14)** (1.84)* (1.88)*HH <strong>in</strong> third rural qu<strong>in</strong>tile 0.004 -0.002 0.112 0.114-0.04 -0.01 -1.01 -1.05HH <strong>in</strong> fourth rural qu<strong>in</strong>tile 0.293 0.286 0.372 0.369(2.80)*** (2.74)*** (3.42)*** (3.50)***HH <strong>in</strong> fifth rural qu<strong>in</strong>tile 0.583 0.572 0.719 0.71717
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