private and group tutoring in egypt: where is the gender inequality?

Table 10: Marginal Effects for Probit ModelsMarginal EffectsPrivate Tutoring ProbitGroup Tutoring ProbitIndividual characteristicsFemale -0.005 0.021Age group 12-14 0.149 0.016Agegroup15-19 0.132 -0.120Eldest child 0.017 0.056Son/daughter of head 0.016 -0.002Late -0.010 0.068Shifts -0.001 0.027Diploma year 0.056 0.026Household characteristicsFather's years of schooling 0.008 -0.003Square of father's years ofschooling 0.000 0.000Mother's years of schooling 0.005 0.018Square of mother's years ofschooling 0.000 -0.002Father absent temporarily 0.034 0.070Father absent permanently 0.032 -0.024Mother absent 0.013 0.004HH in 2nd lowest urban quintile 0.052 -0.036HH in third urban wealth quintile 0.067 -0.017HH in fourth urban wealth quintile 0.094 -0.083HH in fifth urban wealth quintile 0.110 -0.018HH in 2nd lowest rural quintile 0.046 0.049HH in third rural quintile 0.001 0.063HH in fourth rural quintile 0.059 0.073HH in fifth rural quintile 0.138 0.052Community characteristicsProportion of those working ineducation Industry / working agepop 0.005 -0.027Alexandria & Canal cities -0.003 -0.164Upper Egypt -0.010 -0.193Lower Egypt 0.112 -0.202Urban 0.078 -0.008Teacher pupil ratio in generalsecondary level -0.010 -0.015Teacher pupil ratio in preparatorylevel 0.001 -0.003Teacher pupil in primary level 0.003 0.02221