6. Operation, Maintenance, and RepairWARNING: Damaged heating cable orcomponents can cause electrical shock,arcing, and fire. Do not attempt to repair orenergize damaged cable. Remove damagedsections at once and replace them with anew length using the appropriate Raychemsplice kit.6.1 Operation and Inspection6.1.1 <strong>Heat</strong>ing Cable OperationTemperature exposure must not exceed that specified in Raychem product literature. Exceeding thoselimitations will shorten product service life.Pipe insulation must be complete and dry to maintain the correct temperature.6.1.2 Periodic InspectionVisual inspection: <strong>Heat</strong>ing cable and pipe insulation should be checked periodically to make sure that nophysical damage has occurred.Insulation resistance testing: The system should be tested once a year in accordance with the instructions<strong>for</strong> the Postinsulation Resistance Test in Section 5.10.2, Figure 2.Functional testing of electrical protection and temperature control systems should be done as necessary.The Inspection Record (Appendix G) should be filled out during maintenance of each circuit in the system.6.1.3 Piping System Repair and MaintenanceDuring pipe repair work, disconnect heating cable circuits and protect heating cables from mechanical orthermal damage.Check heating cable installation after pipe repairs and restore thermal insulation following therecommendations in Section 5.7. Ensure that electrical protection devices are working properly.6.1.4 <strong>Heat</strong>ing Cable DamageDo not repair damaged heating cable. Remove entire damaged section and splice in a new length, usingRaychem HAK-C-100 kits.Refer to Section 6.2, Troubleshooting, <strong>for</strong> a summary of symptoms, possible causes, and recommendedcorrections.39
6.2 TroubleshootingSymptoms Probable Causes CorrectionInsulation resistance is less than expected Nicks or cuts in heating cable, with or without Check all connections in power, splice, tee, and end seal kitsor varies with voltage (500, 1000, 2500 Vdc). moisture present. <strong>for</strong> cuts in heating cable jackets, or <strong>for</strong> improper strippingdistances. Restrip heating cable to remove damaged areas orShort between braid and heating cable coreor braid and pipe.establish proper distances. If heating cable is not yet insulated,visually inspect <strong>for</strong> damage, especially at elbows and flangesand around valves. If system is insulated, disconnect heatingcable section between power kits, splices, etc., and test again toisolate damaged section of cable. Use Raychem DET2200fault locator or other appropriate device to locate fault. Replacedamaged heating cable sections.Meter needle oscillates rapidly or indicates Arcing created by damage to insulation or Same as above.charging and discharging.exposed electrical parts.Insulation resistance increases slowly with time. Moisture present between energized parts. Check all connections in power, splice, tee, and end seal kits <strong>for</strong>signs of moisture. Dry out connections and retest. Be sure allconduit entries are sealed, and that condensate in conduitcannot enter power connection boxes. If no water is present inconnections, isolate sections as described in correction outlinedabove. If heating cable core or bus wires are exposed to largequantities of water, replace heating cable. (Drying the heatingcable is not sufficient, as the power output of the heating cablecan be significantly reduced.)Insulation resistance decreases rapidly during Heavily wetted surfaces between energized parts. Same as above.or after the charging period.Circuit breaker trips. Nick or cut in heating cable or power feed wire Replace damaged cable.with moisture present.Circuit breaker undersized.Reestablish what the current loads are going to be, and resizethe breaker. Do not exceed maximum circuit length <strong>for</strong> heatingcable used. Check to see if existing power wire sizing iscompatible with larger-size breaker.Circuit oversized.Same as above.Start-up at too low a temperature.Same as above.Defective circuit breaker.Replace circuit breaker.Connections and/or splices shorting out. To locate shorting problems, follow these steps:• Visually inspect the power connections, splices, and endseals <strong>for</strong> proper installation; correct as necessary.• Check <strong>for</strong> visual indications of damage around the valves,pump, and any area where there may have been maintenancework.• Look <strong>for</strong> crushed or damaged insulation lagging along thepipe. Replace damaged sections of heating cable. Using amegohmmeter, test per installation instructions.Physical damage to heating cable is causinga direct short.Bus wires connected at the end.Excessive moisture in connection boxesor splices.Same as above.Check and seal junction box to ensure bus wires are securedproperly in terminal block. The heating cable may have beenpermanently damaged by excessive current and may need to bereplaced.Dry out and reseal connections and splices. Usinga megohmmeter, test per installation instructions.40