Nuclide Imaging: Planar Scintigraphy, SPECT, PET - Polytechnic ...

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Positron Decay and Electron Capture• Also known as Beta Plus decay– A proton changes to a neutron, a positron (positive electron), and aneutrino– Mass number A does not change, proton number Z reduces• The positron may later annihilate a free electron, generate twogamma photons in opposite directions– These gamma rays are used for medical imaging (Positron EmissionTomography)From: http://www.lbl.gov/abc/wallchart/chapters/03/2.htmlEL5823 Nuclear Imaging Yao Wang, Polytechnic U., Brooklyn 6
Gamma Decay (Isometric Transition)• A nucleus (which is unstable) changes from a higher energy state toa lower energy state through the emission of electromagneticradiation (photons) (called gamma rays). The daughter and parentatoms are isomers.– The gamma photon is used in Single photon emission computedtomography (SPECT)• Gamma rays have the same property as X-rays, but are generateddifferent:– X-ray through energetic electron interactions– Gamma-ray through isometric transition in nucleusFrom: http://www.lbl.gov/abc/wallchart/chapters/03/3.htmlEL5823 Nuclear Imaging Yao Wang, Polytechnic U., Brooklyn 7
Page 1 and 2: Nuclide Imaging: PlanarScintigraphy
Page 3 and 4: What is Nuclear Medicine• Also kn
Page 5: What is Radioactivity?EL5823 Nuclea
Page 9 and 10: Radioactive Decay Law• N(t): the
Page 11 and 12: Overview of Imaging Modalities• P
Page 13 and 14: Anger Scintillation CameraCompare t
Page 15 and 16: • Scintillation crystal:Scintilla
Page 17 and 18: Inside a Photomultiplier Tube10^6-1
Page 19 and 20: Pulse Height CalculationEL5823 Nucl
Page 21 and 22: Acquisition ModesEL5823 Nuclear Ima
Page 23 and 24: Single Frame ModeThe value in each
Page 25 and 26: Multiple Gated AcquisitionEL5823 Nu
Page 27 and 28: Imaging EquationEL5823 Nuclear Imag
Page 29 and 30: Examples• Example 1: Imaging of a
Page 31 and 32: SPECT Instrumentation• Similar to
Page 33 and 34: Imaging Equation: θ=0(z,l)RReplace
Page 35 and 36: General Case: Imaging EquationEL582
Page 37 and 38: Correction for Attenuation Factor
Page 39 and 40: SPECT applications• Brain:- Perfu
Page 41 and 42: Annihilation Coincidence Detection
Page 43 and 44: Coincidence TimingEL5823 Nuclear Im
Page 45 and 46: Multiple Ring DetectorEL5823 Nuclea
Page 47 and 48: A Typical PET ScannerEL5823 Nuclear
Page 49 and 50: Imaging EquationNNN+−c( s )( s )(
Page 51 and 52: Reconstruction from Corrected Sinog
Page 53 and 54: PET resolution compared to MRIPET
Page 55 and 56: PET applications• Brain:- Tumor d
Page 57 and 58:
Image Quality Consideration• We w
Page 59 and 60:
Collimator ResolutionRc(z)2* Rc(z)
Page 61 and 62:
Intrinsic ResolutionE) dz’ }EL582
Page 63 and 64:
Detector EfficiencyEL5823 Nuclear I
Page 65 and 66:
Summary• Three major imaging moda
Page 67:
Homework• Reading:- Prince and Li
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Nuclide Imaging: Planar Scintigraphy, SPECT, PET - Polytechnic ...

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