Lex Africa Guide 2012 Full - Afrer.org

supplemented by a series of railway networks. Tanzania’s roadnetwork is of limited quality and not many roads are tarred.Tanzania has an abundance of coastal and lake waterwaysaround its borders. The active ports are Dar es Salaam, Tanga,and Mtwara. There are also the minor ports of Kilwa, Lindi andMafia on the Indian Ocean.WaterTanzania has sufficient water resources to meet most of itspresent needs. They include surface and underground sources.EnergyElectricity generation, transmission and distribution in Tanzaniaare through the Tanzania Electric Supply Company (TANESCO).The company is 100% government owned and is responsible for98% of the country’s electricity supply. Petroleum, hydropowerand coal are the major sources of commercial energy in thecountry.mineral deposits such as soda ash, kaolin, granites, marble andquartzite. Salt is found along the coast and inland lakes, alongwith vermiculites, limestone, silica sands, phosphate, gypsumand mica.On 23 April 2010 the Mining Act No.14 of 2010 came into forcerepealing the Mining Act No. 5 of 1998. The 2010 Mining Act reenacted,with substantial amendments, the laws relating toprospecting for minerals, mining, processing and dealing inminerals, granting, renewal and termination of mineral rights,payment of royalties, fees and other charges. The Mining Act2010 increased the tenure of a prospecting license to a total of 9years. Under the previous statute the maximum period for aprospecting license was 7 years.TelecommunicationsTelecommunication was the fastest growing sector in Tanzania in2009. Tanzania has the second largest telecommunicationmarket in East Africa, after Kenya. Teledensity has risen from 1%in 2001, to 39% in September, 2009 representing a subscriberbase of 16.2 million people.The Electronic and Postal Communications Act No. 3 of 2010came into force on 20 March 2010. It sets out the procedure forregulating the communication industry. One of the highlights ofthis statute is the requirement to register all detachable SIMcards and built-in SIM card mobile telephones. The objective isto enhance national security, to protect consumers from misuseof communication services, to enable consumers to be identifiedwhen they use value-added services such as mobile moneytransfer. Another key highlight is the requirement for existinglicensees of network facilities, network services, applicationservices or content services to offer their shares to the publicand subsequently list these shares on the stock exchange threeyears from the commencement of the statute, providedhowever that the listing of such shares is in line with the listingrequirements of the Capital Markets and Securities Authority.AgricultureThis sector is still dominated by subsistence farming. Food cropsmake up the majority of the sector - about 85% contributing toabout 20% to GDP alone, with livestock accounting for 3%. Majorfood crops include cassava, millet, maize, sorghum, rice, wheat,pulses (mainly beans) potatoes, bananas and plantains.The country produces a variety of export cash crops chieflytobacco, cotton, sisal, coffee, cashew nuts, pyrethrum, tea,cloves, horticultural crops, oil seeds spices and flowers.MiningTanzania is Africa's third largest gold producer behind SouthAfrica and Ghana and is estimated to have gold reserves of morethan 1 000 tonnes. Tanzania boasts a variety of other mineralsincluding tanzanite, silver, copper,diamonds, rubies, sapphires, base metals,platinum, coal, agro-minerals and chemicaland industrial minerals.80Tanzania also has a range of industrial