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10 – Layering SolutionsDesign for ProtectionFigure 10-1 illustrates how the HomeLending database is organized intological groupings. For example, the borrower names reside in theBorrower_Name table and the borrower's employer data resides in theBorrower_Employer table.Figure 10-1: Schema design of the HomeLending database.The Borrower_Identification, Borrower_Income,Asset_Account, Liability_Account and Credit_Report tables allcontain sensitive data. Through the normalized design of the database, thissensitive data is separated from the non-sensitive data. The Credit_Reporttable takes advantage of a linked server to further the separation of sensitivedata that is contained within that table.Applied Permissions and Database ObjectsThe HomeLending database contains the database roles Sensitive_high,Sensitive_medium and Sensitive_low, which provides us the means tocontrol access to database objects. Each database user that exists in theHomeLending database is assigned membership to one of these databaseroles.201
10 – Layering SolutionsTo further elevate the level of overall security for the database, we deny accessto the tables within the database to all database users. Accessing the data that iscontained within the tables is granted through the creation of views. AllINSERT, UPDATE and DELETE commands are funneled through storedprocedures.Cell-Level and One-Way EncryptionWith the basic security features of SQL Server applied to the HomeLendingdatabase, the implementation of cell-level and one-way encryption can beobserved.The Borrower_Identification, Asset_Account andLiability_Account tables utilize cell-level encryption to protect theidentifying data and financial account numbers of the borrower. Thanks to theseparation that was provided by the schema design, and the limited permissionsthat have been implemented to the views that access this data, the traffic tothese columns does not have a noticeable impact on the performance of thedatabase.The cell-level encrypted columns take full advantage of the key hierarchy,including the use of the service master key, which not only providescryptography without hard-coding passwords into user defined functions andstored procedures, but also prevents decryption on another SQL Serverinstance, with a different service master key.Cell-level encryption does present a considerable performance hit when it isapplied to data that is frequently searched. The encryptedIdentification_Value column, within theBorrower_Identification table, presents such a scenario. It is notuncommon to use a Social Security Number as a searchable field in which aborrower can be recalled.The solution that we provide in the Borrower_Identification table is asecond Identification_Value column, containing a salted one-wayencrypted hash. Access to this column is provided to lower level database roles,by way of a stored procedure specifically designed to perform the hashcomparison and return the search results.202
Page 1:
High Performance SQL ServerProtecti
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Table of ContentsAbout the Author .
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Protection via Normalization ......
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Views and Stored Procedures .......
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Numeric Variance ..................
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Key_ID ............................
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSBooks are not writt
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IntroductionIn all cases, the conse
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Introduction"lost key" displaced by
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CHAPTER 1: UNDERSTANDINGSENSITIVE D
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1 - Understanding Sensitive DataSen
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1 - Understanding Sensitive Datatyp
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1 - Understanding Sensitive DataFor
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CHAPTER 2: DATACLASSIFICATION AND R
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CHAPTER 7: ONE-WAYENCRYPTIONAs a ch
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7 - One-Way EncryptionBenefits and
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Page 154 and 155: 7 - One-Way EncryptionPlain TextEnd
Page 156 and 157: 7 - One-Way EncryptionReducing Vuln
Page 158 and 159: 7 - One-Way EncryptionUse HomeLendi
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Page 170 and 171: 7 - One-Way EncryptionEXECUTE AS US
Page 172 and 173: CHAPTER 8: OBFUSCATIONHalloween is
Page 174 and 175: 8 - Obfuscation• Artificial Data
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Page 178 and 179: 8 - ObfuscationRepeating Character
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Page 190 and 191: 9 - Honeycombing a DatabaseUse Home
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Page 204 and 205: 10 - Layering SolutionsObfuscationU
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Page 208 and 209: APPENDIX A: VIEWS ANDFUNCTIONS REFE
Page 210 and 211: Appendix A - Views and Functions Re
Page 228 and 229: APPENDIX B: THE HOMELENDINGDATABASE
Page 230 and 231: Appendix B - The HomeLending databa
Page 232: About Red GateYou know those annoyi
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