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10 – Layering SolutionsThe completion of the data classification process led into the definition ofdatabase roles, and the assignment of database users as members of these rolesprovided the means by which we could efficiently control access to data in thevarious sensitivity classes.With the data classification process complete, we began to explore thepossibilities that the design of the schema can provide in our efforts to protectsensitive data. Normalization not only provided us with efficient storage andperformance benefits, but also the separation of sensitive data from data oflower sensitivity classification.Through the use of normalization, linked servers, views, permissions anddatabase schema objects we discovered the tools that are available to improvethe quality of our security and also to make the application of other securitymeasures easier and more consistent.Diving into the deep ocean of cryptography revealed to us the encryptionfeatures that are available in SQL Server. The menacing depth of cryptographywas tamed through the discussion of some of the basic concepts as they applyto SQL Server.Cell-level encryption, with its fine granularity, provided us with amazingcontrol of sensitive data access and modification.Transparent Data Encryption provided protection at a higher level byencrypting the physical files of the database. Through the higher level ofsecurity, the database files and our data are protected from being stolen andrestored to another location.One-way encryption granted us a means to encrypt our sensitive data withoutthe need for decryption and key management. The myth of the invalidity of thisoption for protecting sensitive data has been broken and it is now anindispensible resource for our efforts.We discovered that cryptography is not the only obfuscation method availableto us in efforts to protect our sensitive data. Through the use of the stringmanipulation system functions, we could employ techniques such as characterscrambling, repeating character masking, numeric variance, nulling andtruncating. Additional methods of obfuscating sensitive data includedencoding, aggregating and artificial data generation.Thanks to the auditing feature of SQL Server 2008, we discoveredhoneycombing; the process of creating a decoy table to tempt potentialattackers who are searching for sensitive data. By implementing a server auditand database audit specification on the honeycomb table the Database205
10 – Layering SolutionsAdministrator can identify that a potential attack may be underway beforedamage or disclosure occurs.Finally, we have reviewed how all of these items can be applied to theHomeLending database to provide a layered model for the protection ofsensitive data.With this knowledge at hand, we can more effectively protect the sensitive datain our SQL Server database, protect the reputation of our businesses andprotect the privacy of our clients."Privacy is not something that I'm merely entitled to, it's an absoluteprerequisite." – Marlon Brando206
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High Performance SQL ServerProtecti
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Table of ContentsAbout the Author .
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Protection via Normalization ......
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Views and Stored Procedures .......
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Numeric Variance ..................
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Key_ID ............................
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSBooks are not writt
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IntroductionIn all cases, the conse
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Introduction"lost key" displaced by
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CHAPTER 1: UNDERSTANDINGSENSITIVE D
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1 - Understanding Sensitive DataSen
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1 - Understanding Sensitive Datatyp
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1 - Understanding Sensitive DataFor
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CHAPTER 2: DATACLASSIFICATION AND R
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2 - Data Classification and Rolespr
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4 - Encryption Basics for SQL Serve
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5 - Cell-Level Encryptionthe encryp
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5 - Cell-Level EncryptionSearching
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5 - Cell-Level EncryptionUSE HomeLe
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5 - Cell-Level Encryptionthat is a
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5 - Cell-Level Encryption• The sc
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CHAPTER 7: ONE-WAYENCRYPTIONAs a ch
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7 - One-Way EncryptionBenefits and
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7 - One-Way EncryptionPlain TextEnd
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Page 174 and 175: 8 - Obfuscation• Artificial Data
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Page 178 and 179: 8 - ObfuscationRepeating Character
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Page 186 and 187: 8 - ObfuscationThe Purpose_Type_ID
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Page 190 and 191: 9 - Honeycombing a DatabaseUse Home
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Page 204 and 205: 10 - Layering SolutionsObfuscationU
Page 208 and 209: APPENDIX A: VIEWS ANDFUNCTIONS REFE
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Page 228 and 229: APPENDIX B: THE HOMELENDINGDATABASE
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Page 232: About Red GateYou know those annoyi
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