Understanding Neutron Radiography

More documents

Recommendations

Info

4.1 Personnel Qualification Personnel qualification in neutron radiography is discussed by the American Society for N ondestructive Testing in its Recommended Practice No. SNT TC-1A. This document covers seven NDT disciplines and includes recommended training, experience and test questions for each of those disciplines. The document is a guideline for the certification of NOT personnel. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
4.2 System Performance Standards Standards for neutron radiography system performance are written by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) , subcommittee E07.05 on neutron radiography and gaging. There are three ASTM standards applicable to neutron radiography, as listed below. 1. E545 - Standard Method for Determining image quality in thermal neutron radiographic testing 2. E748 - Standard Practices for Thermal neutron radiography of materials. 3. E803 - Standard Method for Determining the l/d ratio of neutron radiography beams. These documents deal with standardization from two viewpoints. E748 provides the basis for good working practices which lead to the production of high quality radiographs. E545 and E803 provide detailed methods for measuring the quality obtained from good facility design and good working practice. In both E545 and E803 the results can be quantified and assigned a numerical figure of merit. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 1 and 2:
Understanding Neutron Radiography R
Page 3 and 4:
Military Applications Charlie Chong
Page 5 and 6:
Military Applications Charlie Chong
Page 7 and 8:
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 9 and 10:
3. Techniques/Calibrations • Bloc
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Greek Alphabet Charlie Chong/ Fion
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Reading I SECTION 12-Neutron Radiog
Page 19 and 20:
The text includes helpful discussio
Page 21 and 22:
PART 1 PRINCIPLES OF NEUTRON RADIOG
Page 23 and 24:
Advantages lt is the differences be
Page 25 and 26:
For photons: I = I o e -μx t For N
Page 27 and 28:
Figure 1 provides a comparison of t
Page 29 and 30:
FIGURE 1. Mass Attenuation Coeffici
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Neutron Radiography There is a mark
Page 35 and 36:
hydrogen/boron beryllium/ water cad
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Radioactive Objects An additional a
Page 41 and 42:
lmaging Neutron radiographs usually
Page 43 and 44:
PART 2 EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES Cha
Page 45 and 46:
■ Fission When a neutron enters a
Page 47 and 48:
U-235 and Pu-239. Charlie Chong/ Fi
Page 49 and 50:
U-235 and Pu-239. Charlie Chong/ Fi
Page 51 and 52:
Alpha Particles Charlie Chong/ Fion
Page 53 and 54:
Alpha Particles Charlie Chong/ Fion
Page 55 and 56:
Photoneutrons The necessary energy
Page 57 and 58:
Radioactive Decay Charlie Chong/ Fi
Page 59 and 60:
2.2 Neutron Energies As with all pe
Page 61 and 62:
Thermal Neutrons “Produced by slo
Page 63 and 64:
There are applications in which the
Page 65 and 66:
FIGURE 2. Neutron Radiographs of Hi
Page 67 and 68:
Fast Neutrons “Fast neutrons prov
Page 69 and 70:
Moderators A complete description o
Page 71 and 72:
TABLE 2. Slowing Down Properties of
Page 73 and 74:
TABLE 3. Some Thermallzatlon Factor
Page 75 and 76:
2.4 Neutron Collimation Beam extrac
Page 77 and 78:
FIGURE 4. Neutron Collimators: (a)
Page 79 and 80:
Divergent Collimators The primary a
Page 81 and 82:
As in X- radiography, the geometric
Page 83 and 84:
Geometric Unsharpness (neutron radi
Page 85 and 86:
I ≈ Ф 16(L/D) 2 for my ASNT exam
Page 87 and 88:
Backscatter It is good practice to
Page 89 and 90:
TABLE 4. Average Characteristics of
Page 91 and 92:
Nuclear Reactor The majority of pra
Page 93 and 94:
Accelerators Numerous nuclear react
Page 95 and 96:
(d.T) Source A reaction that has re
Page 97 and 98:
Nuclear physicist at the Idaho Nati
Page 99 and 100:
The gas pressure in the ion source
Page 101 and 102:
(X.n) Sources Electron accelerators
Page 103 and 104:
The threshold energy for photoneutr
Page 105 and 106:
Bremsstrahlung , from bremsen "to b
Page 107 and 108:
Characteristic x-rays are emitted f
Page 109 and 110:
The frequencies of the characterist
Page 111 and 112:
"Bremsstrahlung" means "braking rad
Page 113 and 114:
Bohr’s Model Charlie Chong/ Fion
Page 115 and 116:
Bohr’s Model Charlie Chong/ Fion
Page 117 and 118:
Electron Orbital Charlie Chong/ Fio
Page 119 and 120:
Plasma Sources Radiography with fas
Page 121 and 122:
TABLE 5. Some Radloaalve Sources fo
Page 123 and 124:
TABLE 5. Some Radloaalve Sources fo
Page 125 and 126:
■ (γ,n) Sources The (γ,n) react
Page 127 and 128:
■ Cf-252 On the basis of technica
Page 129 and 130:
Subcritical Flux Boosters By defint
Page 131 and 132:
Neutron Intensity Very few, if any,
Page 133 and 134:
Beam Tailoring A neutron beam extra
Page 135 and 136: Foil Filters Some materials have sp
Page 137 and 138: ■ Window Filters For some element
Page 139 and 140: Fig.14-5 The neutron yield strongly
Page 141 and 142: ■ Time of Flight It is possible t
Page 143 and 144: 2.7 Neutron Image Detectors All the
Page 145 and 146: FIGURE 5. Diagrams for Neutron Radi
Page 147 and 148: TABLE 6. Properties of Some Thermal
Page 149 and 150: ■ Transfer Method In the transfer
Page 151 and 152: Transfer Method Examples Transfer r
Page 153 and 154: ■ Exposures, Contrast, Resolution
Page 155 and 156: ■ Reciprocity-Law Failure Scintil
Page 157 and 158: ■ Neutron-Gamma Response One impo
Page 159 and 160: ■ Real-Time Neutron Image Detecti
Page 161 and 162: ■ Other Detectors for Thermal Neu
Page 163 and 164: ■ Track-Etch Results The track-et
Page 165 and 166: 1) Epithermal Neutrons Work with ne
Page 167 and 168: 3) Fast Neutrons The other energy r
Page 169 and 170: As an example, copper screens are o
Page 171 and 172: ■ Detector Discussion Image detec
Page 173 and 174: 3.1 General General applications fo
Page 175 and 176: FIGURE 6. Radiographs of Explosive
Page 177 and 178: FIGURE 7. Thermal Neutron Radiograp
Page 183 and 184: 3.8 Nuclear Industry Nuclear applic
Page 185: PART 4 NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY STANDARD
Page 189 and 190: Those sources of radiation subject
Page 191 and 192: ■ Personnel Protection All NRC li
Page 193 and 194: 5.1 Neutron cross sections Neutron
Page 195 and 196: TABLE 9. Thermal Neutron Linear Att
Page 197 and 198: As an example, consider the calcula
Page 199 and 200: FIGURE 10. Half-Value Layers of Sel
Page 201 and 202: FIGURE 11. Tenth-Value Layers of Se
Page 203 and 204: 5.3 Tenth-Value Layers There will b
Page 205 and 206: End Of Reading Charlie Chong/ Fion
Page 207 and 208: Source of Neutrons Charlie Chong/ F
Page 209 and 210: Radioactive Decay Interactive http:
Page 211 and 212: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 213 and 214: Source of Neutrons-Beta Decay Decay
Page 215 and 216: Source of Neutrons 236 U 92 ? Charl
Page 217 and 218: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 219 and 220: Radioactive Decay Charlie Chong/ Fi
Page 221 and 222: http://periodictable.com/Isotopes/0
Page 223 and 224: Neutron Energy & Detectability Slow
Page 225 and 226: Neutron Energy & Detectability Slow
Page 227 and 228: ■ωσμ∙Ωπ∆º≠δ≤>ηθ
Page 229 and 230: Good Luck Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
show all

Understanding Neutron Radiography

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?