Forming Binary Near-Earth Asteroids From Tidal Disruptions

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c○ Kevin J. Walsh 2006
PrefaceMuch of the work in this dissertation is published, or in the process of being published.Chapter 2 appeared in the planetary-science journal Icarus, in nearly the same form aspresented here (Walsh & Richardson 2006). The work in Chapter 4 was recently submittedto the same journal, and is under review. Together, and with the results from Chapter3, this dissertation presents an ongoing study into the binary NEA population. As a wholeit provides details on the role that tidal disruption plays in creating the binary NEA population,and builds a framework for further studies in this field.Over the course of these studies the known population of binary asteroids in the SolarSystem has more than doubled. New discovery techniques have been used, and oldtechniques have been applied to different populations. Because of the rapidly changinglandscape, this work is quite timely and relevant to the latest observations and theoreticalwork being done. Beyond the answers provided about tidal disruption, the steady-statemodel will be able to incorporate new binary formation mechanisms as they become betterunderstood.ii
Page 1 and 2: AbstractTitle of Dissertation:Formi
Page 3: Forming Binary Near-Earth Asteroids
Page 7 and 8: AcknowledgementsI would not have ma
Page 9 and 10: 2.3 Results and Discussion . . . .
Page 11 and 12: List of Tables1.1 Binary NEA proper
Page 13 and 14: 4.8 Percentage of migrated binaries
Page 15 and 16: of the system mass M by way of Kepl
Page 17 and 18: the largest lightcurve amplitudes o
Page 19 and 20: 1.1.3 Binary Main-Belt asteroidsRec
Page 21 and 22: Lightcurve discoveriesA lightcurve
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1.1: (Top) The primary rotat
Page 25 and 26: 1.2.1 CaptureIn this scenario two a
Page 27 and 28: ever, understanding the mechanism i
Page 29 and 30: off the equator or off one end of a
Page 31 and 32: 3 Denotes a secure result with no a
Page 33 and 34: nostic.Recent results have demonstr
Page 35 and 36: another intermediate source of NEAs
Page 37 and 38: 1.5.2 Rubble pilesThe evidence for
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 2Formation of Binary Astero
Page 41 and 42: ∼ 60%, making a bulk density of
Page 43 and 44: shedding mass and distorting prior
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.3: Snapshots of a tidal di
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2.4: Normalized probability
Page 49 and 50: Figure 2.5: Normalized probability
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2.6: (a) Satellite eccentric
Page 53 and 54: various complications of measuring
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etween ω pri and L bin ), with clo
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prolate-like), the oblate-like bodi
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Figure 2.9: Plots comparing T-PROS
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Figure 2.10: Comparison of S-class
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2.3.5 Triples and hierarchical syst
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a/R pri based on a simple conversio
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Figure 2.13: The eccentricity dampi
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Main Belt. Work by Chauvineau & Far
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(1992), with a target range of slig
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The observations were made from the
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peaked period, with a lower signifi
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and suggests that it is possibly a
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fit for the period of the lightcurv
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Table 3.2.Orbital, physical and lig
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Figure 3.2: Asteroid lightcurves.70
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Figure 3.4: Asteroid lightcurves.72
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3.4.4 Spin and shape properties amo
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Figure 3.7: The lightcurve amplitud
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Typically observations of eclipse o
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Chapter 4Steady-State Model of the
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values between 0.2-0.6. There is on
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asteroids in the Main Belt is suffi
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Figure 4.2: Percent of surviving NE
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4.1.3 Binary evolutionBasic stabili
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Table 4.1.Lifetimes for binary NEAs
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which means it should have a critic
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Figure 4.4: The total number of bin
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the original eccentricity distribut
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Figure 4.6: Properties of the binar
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Figure 4.8: Binary percentage for m
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Figure 4.9: Effects of tidal evolut
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quickly altered, or involved in bin
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tidal disruption. However, the impl
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Chapter 5ConclusionsA general concl
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small additions to the angular mome
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cently this large pool of observers
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differences in results when a lower
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Table A.1.Number of binaries produc
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Thus the reaccumulated bodies in th
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of 2.2 h observed is significantly
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Benner, L. A. M., Nolan, M. C., Ost
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V7.0:LCREF TAB, 35, 4Harris, A. W.,
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Storrs, A. D., Close, L. M., & Mena
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122Pravec, P., Kušnirá, P., Hicks
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Shepard, M. K., Schlieder, J., Nola
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Forming Binary Near-Earth Asteroids From Tidal Disruptions

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