WASTEBOOK 201416ChroniclingVermont’s RadicalHippie Movement inthe 1970’s$117,521“Nudity, psychedelic drugs and freelove” is how one person remembers life atthe Tree Frog Farm, a Vermont commune.It and other Vermont communes will bethe focus of new federally funded project todocument life among the state’s communalhippie radicals during the 1970’s.The Vermont Historical Societyis launching a two-year project called“Colleges, Communes and Coops: 1970’sCounterculture and Its Lasting Influenceon Vermont” to conduce oral interviewsand collect artifacts from the time period.274 Support for the effort is being providedby the Institute for Museum and LibraryServices in the form of an $117,521 grant. 275With the federal money, “VermontHistorical Society (VHS) will undertakea project to research and document thepolitical, social, and cultural changes of the1970s in Vermont to create a body of primaryresources for this period in Vermont’s statehistory.” 276“In the 1960s and early 1970s,” VHSexplains, “Vermont acquired a reputation forbeing a haven for hippies and a hotbed ofcountercultural communal living.” 277Peter Simon lived on Tree Frog Farmfrom 1970 to 1972, recalling, “The highlightswere the sense that we were doing somethingtotally unique and different, rebelling againstsociety … Getting away from city life wasone of the ingredients. I always liked walkingaround barefoot and going around naked.” 278Life at the Free Farm was similar untilit burned to the ground, remembered onetimeresident Robert Houriet, noting thatthey weren’t always appreciated by thelocals, “‘The Free Farm was in plain view of abuilding where the local Democrats met, andthey got offended by all the weeds and thebare-breasted women.” 279Verandah Porche, a former communedweller who later became a successfulphotographer, summed up her experiencethis way, “In 1968, we were a bunch ofignoramuses … but the commune became avillage.” 28017plusUSDA’s “Perfect Poop Pak”Smells Like Government Waste$50,000One man’s waste may be another man’streasure, but in the case of a $50,000 federalgrant, one animal’s waste has become its owner’streasure.Virginia Mary’s Alpaca, LLC received a$50,000 Value-Added Producer Grant fromthe U.S. Department of Agriculture to process,package and market Alpaca manure as plantfertilizer,” commercially sold as “Poop Paks.” 281The company boasts that its product isthe “perfect POOP.” 282“Packaged in colorful, unmistakablegreen bags,” the Alpaca Poop Paks are “handtiedusing rustic hemp twine and recycled papertags.” 283 Twenty Poop Paks retail for $29.95shipping costs. 284“The” Mary, for which the company andfarm are named, has been winning awards forher alpaca pets for over 15 years. 285 Her 160acre farm located in The Plains, Virginia, ishome to 140 alpacas that she raises and sells(A “roaming” camera will soon be installed tobroadcast the movements of the alpacas liveon the internet). 286Of course, buying and selling Alpaca manureas fertilizer is not new. It is widely availablefrom retailers online and from those whomay have pet alpacas. It has become a popularfertilizer, in part, because it doesn’t smellas bad as other types of waste, unlike the foulodor of misspent tax dollars.18Virginia Mary’s Alpaca received a $50,000 USDA grant to process, package and market alpaca “Poop Paks.” 287
WASTEBOOK 201418SynchronizedSwimming for SeaMonkeys$307,524Sea Monkeys have captivated Americansfor generations. The novelty pets, which aretiny brine shrimp, have been regular featureson toy store shelves and advertisements on thepages of comic books since the 1960s. NASAeven launched Sea Monkeys into space withJohn Glenn in 1998. 288Cartoon-style ads for pet Sea-Monkeyspromise that you can learn to “make them appearto obey your commands, follow a beamof light, do loop-the-loops and even seem todance when you play” music. 289 The New YorkTimes says it is “sort of true” that Sea Monkeyscan be trained because they do follow light. 290With the financial support of three governmentagencies, researchers put these claimsto the test and essentially choreographed alaser guided synchronized swim team of SeaMonkeys as part of a study to measure theswirl created by their collective movements.Flashing blue and green laser lights lurethe aquatic creatures to move in the same directionwithin an aquarium. “The green laserat the top of the tank provides a bright target”as “a blue laser rising along the side of thetank lights up a path to guide them upward.” 291The spinning of “silver-coated hollow glassspheres” in the water is tracked with “highspeedcamera and a red laser” measures howthe Sea Monkey’s “swimming causes the surroundingwater to swirl.” 292“Coaxing Sea-Monkeys to swim whenand where you want them to is even more difficultthan it sounds,” said John Dabiri, one ofthe project’s researchers and a professor atCalifornia Institute of Technology (Caltech). 293“It turns out that the collective swimmingmotion of Sea-Monkeys and other zooplankton—swimmingplankton—can generateenough swirling flow to potentially influencethe circulation of water in oceans,” accordingto the researchers. They conducted a similarstudy with jellyfish in 2009 and reached similarconclusions showing “small animals can generateflow in the surrounding water.”“Adding up the effect of all of the zooplanktonin the ocean—assuming they havea similar influence—could inject as much as atrillion watts of power into the oceans to driveglobal circulation, Dabiri says. In comparison,Sea Monkeys have captivated Americans for generations and now scientists are trying to determine the impact of theswirl created by the synchronized swimming of these tiny sea creatures may have on the flow of the ocean.Kids around the world are disappointed to learn that the seamonkey family in the advertisements is a little different thanthe result.the winds and tides contribute a combined twotrillion watts.” 294But “some oceanographers are skeptical ofthe claim that the movements of organisms contributesignificantly to ocean circulation” because“it’s a conceptual leap to go from a tankful ofSea-Monkeys to oceans filled with plankton.” 295Christian Noss, an environmental physicistat the University of Koblenz-Landau inGermany, is “not convinced the effect wouldscale up from the laboratory to the ocean.” Heacknowledges “the study was well designed”but notes “unlike water in a small tank, water inthe ocean is often stratified, with denser layerslying underneath lighter ones. Noss’s work withanother tiny crustacean, known as Daphnia,showed that stratified conditions dampenedthe mixing produced by these animals.” 296The Sea Monkey researchers are planningmore realistic studies, such as using “a tankwith increased water density at the bottom,which imitates real-life ocean conditions.” 297Sea Monkeys are guided to swim in a synchronized directionin this tank to measure the swirl of their collective motion. 305Dabiri also “plans to test the stratificationquestion and hopes to perform the same experimentsat a larger scale in the ocean.” 298Of course, the subjects of this study arenot actually monkeys with fins and gills, butrather brine shrimp, which were given themoniker “Sea Monkeys” because their tail resemblesa monkey’s tail.” 299 The tiny animalsare about half an inch long with “about 10 smallleaf-like fins that flap about.” 300The Sea Monkey study was funded by theNational Science Foundation (NSF) and the Officeof Naval Research with support from the U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation. 301 The NSFfunding is part of a $307,524 collaborate researchgrant that runs through February 2015. 302With kits available online 303 and many toystores, 304 you can try to train your own team ofsynchronized swimming Sea Monkeys for aslittle as $12.19
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