WASTEBOOK 201421Free “High-End” GymMemberships forDHS Bureaucrats$450,000The Department of Homeland Security(DHS) announced earlier this year thatbudget cuts “require[ed] difficult choicesto align resources to address the greatestneeds of the Department.” 329Apparently one of those greatest needsis 236 memberships to a “state-of-the-art”gym and spa in downtown Washington, D.C.for some of the headquarters employeesof Immigration and Customs Enforcement(ICE), a DHS component. 330 The gym, VidaFitness, describes itself as “more than justa gym,” offering an “Aura Spa, Bang Salon,Fuel Bar, Gear Shop, Endless Pools, luxuriouslocker rooms, and the rooftop PenthousePool and Lounge.” 331Immigration Customs and Enforcement(ICE) employees receive free gymmemberships at a state-of-the-art facilitycourtesy of federal taxpayersThe Transportation SecurityAdministration (TSA) also purchased gymmemberships for some of its personnel,spending $52,650 on a contract so workersat Phoenix (Arizona) Sky Harbor InternationalAirport could work out at a private club. 332Interestingly, while exercising at aprivate gym by its employees was importantenough for ICE to drop $400,000 on thepriority, walking was not: the agency statedin its contract requirements that the gymmust be less than 526 feet or one tenth of amile from its office. 333 Vida Fitness is about360 feet from ICE’s front door. 334Golf Club Testing, ElementarySchool Experiments Aboard theInternational Space StationIt doesn’t take a rocket scientist to designexperiments on the International Space Station(ISS). In fact, sixth graders and other elementarystudent are proposing some of the studies beingconducted onboard the space station that is costingbillions of dollars a year to operate.ISS is one of the greatest achievements inmanned spaceflight. It is also the “single most expensiveobject ever created.” 335 And some scientistsquestion if the space station’s out of this worldcosts can continue to be justified.Sold to taxpayers as a one of a kind, orbitinglaboratory that would “permit quantum leaps inour research in science, communications, in metals,and in lifesaving medicines,” 336 it has yet to liveup to these heavenly expectations, while its costscontinue to soar to astronomical heights.The station’s original price tag was $17.4billion but NASA has spent nearly $75 billion forthe space station’s development, operations, andtransportation by the end of 2013. 337 This year thespace agency is spending $3 billion and expects tospend another $20.6 billion before 2020. 338 An independentaudit by the NASA Office of InspectorGeneral (OIG) concluded these cost projectionswere “understated” and “overly optimistic.” 339The space station, “designed and tested fora 15-year life span,” marked 15 years of continuousoperations in 2013. 340 In January 2014, theAdministration announced the U.S. would extend$3 billion 22our participation in ISS “for at least another decade.”341While some valuable research is being conductedon the station regarding life in space, thebillions being spent to maintain the station couldbe directed towards much more meaningful studiesor projects. The entire NASA budget for FiscalYear 2014 is $17.7 billion, 342 meaning the spacestation consumes nearly one-fifth of the agency’sresources.The White House Office of Science andTechnology Policy claims the station is necessaryand the research conducted onboard has “alreadyresulted in a number of discoveries with significantmedical and industrial implications,” including potentialvaccines. 343 This claim and commitment isquite controversial in the scientific community.“The station is a marvel,” but “it hasn’t yetproved it was worth the investment,” says JohnLogsdon, the former director of the Space PolicyInstitute at George Washington University. “It’san awfully expensive engineering demonstration,”according to Logsdon, who notes “if that’s all it is,that’s a hell of a price to pay.” 344As far back as 1997, James Van Allen, the pioneeringastrophysicist, concluded “the cost of thespace station is far beyond any justifiable scientificpurpose or any justifiable practical purpose.” 345The studies conducted onboard the spacestation “are not remotely comparable to the22
WASTEBOOK 2014path-breaking research conducted by NASA’s armadaof orbiting telescopes and its robotic probesof distant planets,” notes the New York Times.The newspaper writes “when NASA threatenedto abandon the Hubble Space Telescope, astronomersrose in wrath. If the station disappearedtomorrow, the response would most likely be tepid.”346 And even though Congress “designatedthe ISS as a national laboratory” in 2005, theGovernment Accountability Office (GAO) found“research utilization has not been the priority” ofthe space station.NASA has most recently averaged about 37.5hours of research per week on the space station. Itcost taxpayers about $1.5 million per hour for theresearch conducted there at that rate and giventhe $3 billion per year cost to operate ISS. The totalcost of ISS to date has been about $100 billion,and research since 2009 has averaged about 30hours a week, or 7,800 hours. If all costs to dateare included over these 7,800 hours of estimatedresearch, the cost of research is $12.8 million anhour. 347One of the experiments currently being conductedaboard the space station “could eventuallylead to the design and creation of better golfclubs.” 348 A partnership with Cobra Puma Golf developedwhen some employees from the Centerfor Advancement of Science and Space, the organizationNASA chose to be the sole managerof the International Space Station U.S. NationalLaboratory, 349 were introduced to members ofthe Cobra research team at the 2012 PGA Showin Orlando, Florida. 350 The experiment aboard theISS “will examine a variety of coating and metalsused in golf products,” according to Mike Yagley,director of research and testing for Cobra PumaGolf. “Cobra Puma hopes the results of the platingexperiment -- which may be available as early asDecember -- will prove beneficial in three areas:function, durability and aesthetics.” 351 A Russiancosmonaut tethered to the space station “set anew record for the longest golf drive in history” inNovember 2006 when he hit a ball NASA estimatedtraveled a million miles around the Earth. 352Some of the other studies being conductedon the space station are designed by elementaryand high school students rather than scientists.Fifteen student projects were launched tothe space station in July as part of the StudentSpaceflight Experiments Program (SSEP). A projectthat students from California came up with isexamining whether tadpole shrimp can be grownin microgravity. 353 High school students in NewYork are looking at the “effect of microgravityon the growth of mold on white bread.” 354 Andninth-graders in Washington “focused their attentionon whether radish roots and shoots will growdifferently in microgravity.” 355While encouraging young people to take aninterest in science is an important goal, the billionsof dollars being borrowed to support space stationscience fair experiments could make a biggerimpact in the lives of these and other children inmany other more cost efficient ways.NASA officials “point to other less tangiblebenefits of the Station, including maintaining U.S.leadership in space, supporting cooperation withinternational partners, and inspiring current andfuture engineers and scientists.” 356 But directingso much money into this project over the nextdecade may actually be compromising our leadershipin space by absorbing so many resourcesthat could be better targeted towards other biggerpriorities, such as reclaiming our capability to sendastronauts on manned missions into space, whichis one of the biggest facing NASA.NASA “faces challenges … ensuring the stationis fully utilized,” according to GAO, which “hascautioned for years that NASA should ensure ithas a capability to access and utilize the spacestation following retirement of the space shuttle.”GAO notes “NASA’s decision to rely on the newcommercial vehicles to transport cargo startingin 2012 and to transport crew starting in 2017 isinherently risky because the vehicles are not yetproven and are experiencing delays in development.Further, NASA does not have agreementsin place for international partners to provide cargoservices to the ISS beyond 2016.” 357Because NASA retired the Space Shuttle in2011, the U.S. is paying Russia $1.7 billion over a fiveyears to transport astronauts to and from ISS, foras much as $70 million for a round trip. 358 NASA isspending billions to maintain a space station thatit no longer has its own capabilities to reach andis now entirely dependent upon an increasinglyhostile Russia to reach the station taxpayers havespent billions of dollars to construct.There are other questionable expendituresin the ISS budget. NASA may also have paid morethan $13 million in bonuses to a contractor thatcould not be proven to have met the expectationsset for financial rewards, according to an OIG audit.359 The top NASA official in charge of humanspaceflight concedes “we’re in the process ofproving now whether it’s worth it or not.” 360Because NASA retired the Space Shuttle in 2011, American astronauts must hitch a ride on Russian rockets to reach the International Space Station, costing as much as $70 million for around trip. 36123
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