Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Pancreas
Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Pancreas
Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Pancreas
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PanNEN: WHO 20041. Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumorBenign: confined to pancreas, < 2 cm in size, nonangioinvasive,= 2 mitoses/10HPF and = 2% Ki-67-positive cellsFunctioning: insulinomaNonfunctioningBenign or low grade malignant (uncertain malignant potential):confined to pancreas, = 2 cm in size, > 2 mitoses/10HPF,> 2% Ki-67-positive cells, or angioinvasiveFunctioning: gastrinoma, insulinoma, VIPoma, glucagonoma,somatostatinoma or ectopic hormonal syndromeNonfunctioning2. Well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomaLow grade malignant: invasion <strong>of</strong> adjacent organs and/or metastasesFunctioning: gastrinoma, insulinoma, glucagonoma, VIPoma,somatostatinoma or ectopic hormonal syndromeNonfunctioning3. Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomaHigh grade malignantPr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. med. P. KomminothZürich, Switzerlandvery difficult to apply in biopsies