CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW - Repository.lib.ncsu.edu

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REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 175SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………………..185viii
LIST OF TABLES<strong>CHAPTER</strong> ITable I-1. Nutrients in corn and wheat ingredients ……………………………...........Table I-2. Differences in macro and trace mineral contents between corn and wheat ..Table I-3.Total phosphorus, phytate phosphorus, phytase, and acid phosphataseactivities of corn and wheat ………………..………………………………Table I-4. Differences in Vitamin E and B between corn and wheat …………...….....Page12141619<strong>CHAPTER</strong> IITable II-1. Composition of broiler breeder diets (%) and formulated nutrientcontents………………………………………………………………….Table II-2. Effects of broiler breeder diet type and feeding program on Cobb 500female body weights at 4, 10, and 20 wk during the pullet-rearing period .Table II-3. Effects of diet type, feeding program, and feeder space change as mainfactors on reproductive performance of Cobb 500 broiler breeder hensfrom 26 to 52 wk of age……………………………………………….…..Table II-4. P-values for the effects of diet type, feeding program, and feeder spacechange on external egg traits in Cobb 500 broiler breeders ………….….Table II-5. Effects of broiler breeder diet type, feeding program and feeder spacechange on mean egg weight, shape index, surface area, and volume at 31,37, and 46 wk of age ………………………………………….………...Table II-6. P-values for the effects of diet type, feeding program and feeder spacechange on internal egg traits in Cobb 500 broiler breeders …………..….Table II-7. Effects of broiler breeder diet type, feeding program, and feeder spacechange on albumen height, Haugh units, shell, albumen and yolkpercentage, and yolk albumen ratio …….……………………………….46495458596061ix
Page 1 and 2: ABSTRACTEUSEBIO BALCAZAR, PAMELA EL
Page 3 and 4: Effect of Breeder Nutrition and Fee
Page 5 and 6: BIBLIOGRAPHYPamela Eliana Eusebio B
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTSLIST OF TABLES …
Page 9: Broiler Experiment 2 ..............
Page 13 and 14: experiment 2 …………………
Page 15 and 16: eeder feeder space change for the p
Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTIONThere is a worldwide co
Page 19 and 20: importance according to reports fro
Page 21 and 22: (Berry et al., 1996), ascorbic acid
Page 23 and 24: Rotated TibiaRotated tibia is descr
Page 25 and 26: Yolk and its lipid content also aff
Page 27 and 28: Australia, Canada (Bird, 1997; Inte
Page 29 and 30: except for copper that is mostly pr
Page 31 and 32: Table I-3. Total phosphorus, phytat
Page 33 and 34: vitamin E, and the water-soluble an
Page 35 and 36: 2007). For instance, a sigmoid feed
Page 37 and 38: REFERENCESAbdel-Salam, Z. A., A. M.
Page 39 and 40: Choct, M. 1997. Feed Non-Starch Pol
Page 41 and 42: Febrer, K., T. A. Jones, C. A. Donn
Page 43 and 44: Johansson, K., J. Örberg, A. B. Ca
Page 45 and 46: Leksrisompong, N., M. Argüelles-Ra
Page 47 and 48: Nelson, T. S. 1967. The utilization
Page 49 and 50: Reddi, A. H. 2000. Initiation and p
Page 51 and 52: Starcher, B. C., C. H. Hill, and J.
Page 53 and 54: Weiss, R. E., and A. H. Reddi. 1980
Page 55 and 56: INTRODUCTIONThe nutrition and feedi
Page 57 and 58: second objective was to determine t
Page 59 and 60: feathers. Fertility was calculated
Page 61 and 62:
Table II-1. Composition of broiler
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heavier (P < 0.05) compared with th
Page 65 and 66:
ABCFigure II-2. Effects of diet typ
Page 67 and 68:
Cumulative mortality (%)LevelsMain
Page 69 and 70:
Table II-3. Effects of diet type, f
Page 71 and 72:
Figure II-7. Effects of diet type (
Page 73 and 74:
Table II-4. P-values for the effect
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Table II-6. P-values for the effect
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DISCUSSIONBody Weights and Cumulati
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Reproductive PerformanceReproductiv
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Y:A ratio due to higher yolk percen
Page 83 and 84:
REFERENCESAltuntaş, E., and A. Şe
Page 85 and 86:
Jong, I. C., V. S. Voorst, D. A. Eh
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Peebles E. D., C. D. Zumwalt, S. M.
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concluded that maternal diet type a
Page 91 and 92:
The feeding program of female broil
Page 93 and 94:
Hatching ExperimentAll the egg prod
Page 95 and 96:
ijk : Effect of the second order in
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program, and the same feeder space
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Table III-2. Effect of breeder diet
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Table III-4. Effect of breeder/broi
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DISCUSSIONEgg Weight, Eggshell Prop
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eproductive tract. Melnychuk et al.
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CONCLUSIONSIt was concluded that br
Page 109 and 110:
Cruickshank, E. M. 1934. Studies in
Page 111 and 112:
Oviedo-Rondón, E. O., J. Small, M.
Page 113 and 114:
Van der Eerden, B. C. J., M. Karper
Page 115 and 116:
INTRODUCTIONBone development starts
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MATERIAL AND METHODSBroiler Breeder
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Chickens were group weighed at plac
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Pens were included as random effect
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Table IV-2. Composition of broiler
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corn-based diets produced progeny t
Page 127 and 128:
Feed Conversion Ratio Adjusted for
Page 129 and 130:
Table IV-4. Effects of diet type, m
Page 131 and 132:
Maternal feeding programs alone aff
Page 133 and 134:
Table IV-7. Effects of diet type, m
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Progeny Mortality. No significant (
Page 137 and 138:
Six-wk-old male chickens from 32 an
Page 139 and 140:
Table IV-11. Effects of diet type,
Page 141 and 142:
Probability of observing crooked to
Page 143 and 144:
At both breeder ages evaluated, pro
Page 145 and 146:
progeny with more locomotion proble
Page 147 and 148:
Hocking, P. M., and R. Bernard. 199
Page 149 and 150:
CHAPTER V: EFFECT OF BREEDER FEEDIN
Page 151 and 152:
Several previous investigations hav
Page 153 and 154:
starter diet was fed from 0 to 4 wk
Page 155 and 156:
At 46 wk, all eggs produced during
Page 157 and 158:
Leg Health EvaluationAt 4 and 6 wk
Page 159 and 160:
correct for variable number of broi
Page 161 and 162:
RESULTSEgg CharacteristicsAt 31 wk,
Page 163 and 164:
were smaller (P < 0.05) than chicke
Page 165 and 166:
progeny compared to A strain broile
Page 167 and 168:
Bone Traits and Bone Mineral Densit
Page 169 and 170:
49-d body weight (g) of the progeny
Page 171 and 172:
Probability of observing progenycro
Page 173 and 174:
Probability of observing progenywal
Page 175 and 176:
Progeny bone mineral density (g/cm
Page 177 and 178:
Progeny bone mineral content (g)Pro
Page 179 and 180:
eared under the same conditions dur
Page 181 and 182:
Brake et al., 1997). Therefore, the
Page 183 and 184:
that discard physical egg effects o
Page 185 and 186:
practices and environmental conditi
Page 187 and 188:
compared to the provision of less f
Page 189 and 190:
Broilers that had greater prevalenc
Page 191 and 192:
Brake, J., T. J. Walsh, and S. V. V
Page 193 and 194:
Hayes, S. H., G. L. Cromwell, T. S.
Page 195 and 196:
Meuer, H. J., and R. Baumann. 1988.
Page 197 and 198:
Roberts, J. R., and M. Choct. 2006.
Page 199 and 200:
Watkins, B. A. 1991. Importance of
Page 201 and 202:
eeders restricted to the LS feeding
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