CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW - Repository.lib.ncsu.edu

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CHAPTER IIITable III-1. Effects of breeder diet, maternal feeding program, and breeder feederspace change on egg weight, moisture loss, and eggshell conductance ofeggs laid by 33-wk-old Cobb 500 broiler breeders …………..…….……Table III-2. Effects of breeder diet, maternal feeding program, and breeder feederspace change on body weight, body weight without yolk, and residualyolk of broiler progeny at hatching from 33-wk-old Cobb 500 broilerbreeders ……………….………………..………………...…………….Table III-3. Correlation coefficients for egg weight before incubation, eggshellconductance, body weight (BW), BW without yolk, and relative weightsof dissected yolks at hatching …….………………………….………..…Table III-4. Effects of breeder/broiler diet, maternal feeding program, and breederfeeder space change on bone size traits of broiler progeny from 33-wkoldCobb 500 broiler breeders at hatching…...……………………….…Table III-5. Correlation coefficients and probabilities among residual yolk athatching, eggshell conductance, and leg characteristics measured athatching ………………………………………………………………...8384858687CHAPTER IVTable IV-1. Composition of broiler diets (%) and formulated nutrient contents ofexperiment 1 …………………………………………………………….Table IV-2. Composition of broiler diets (%) and formulated nutrient contents ofexperiment 2 …………………………………………………………….Table IV-3. P-values for the effects of diet type, maternal feeding program, breederfeeder space change and all possible interactions on body weight gain ofbroiler progeny in experiment 1 and 2 ………………………….Table IV-4. Effects of diet type, maternal feeding program, and breeder feeder spacechange on initial body weight and body weight gain of broiler progeny inexperiment 1 ……………………………………………………………….107108113114Table IV-5. Effects of diet type, maternal feeding program, and breeder feeder spacechange on initial body weight and body weight gain of broiler progeny inx
experiment 2 ………………………………………………………………Table IV-6. P-values for the effects of diet type, maternal feeding program, breederfeeder space change, and all possible interactions on cumulative feedintake and cumulative feed conversion ratio (FCR) adjusted by mortalityof broiler progeny in experiment 1 and 2 ……………………………….Table IV-7. Effects of diet type, maternal feeding program, and breeder feeder spacechange on feed intake of broiler progeny in experiment 1 and 2 ……….Table IV-8. Effects of diet type, maternal feeding program, and breeder feeder spaceon feed conversion ratio (AdjFCR) adjusted by mortality of broilerprogeny in experiment 1 and 2 …………………………..………………..Table IV-9. Overall mortality of broiler progeny produced at 32 and 44 wk of henage…………………………………………………………………………..Table IV-10. Probabilities of the effects of diet type, maternal feeding program,breeder feeder space change and all possible interactions on theprobability of observing specific gait scores and leg problems of broilerprogeny using breeder age and broiler sex as predictable variables ……….Table IV-11. Effects of diet type, maternal feeding program, and breeder feeder spacechange on the probability of observing specific gait scores and legproblems of broiler progeny using breeder age and broiler sex aspredictable variables ……………………………………………………….115117118119121123124CHAPTER VTable V-1. Main effects of strain, diet, feeding program, and cage space on eggcharacteristics of 31 and 47-wk-old broiler breeders ……………………...Table V-2. Main effects of strain, diet type, feeding program, and feeder spaceavailability on eggshell properties ………………………………………...Table V-3. Main effects of stain and diet type on BW of broiler progeny groups……...150151153Table V-4. Interaction effect between strain and diet type on shank relative weight,width shank and tibia length of broiler progeny from 32-wk-old broilerbreeders ……………………………………………………………………159xi
Page 1 and 2: ABSTRACTEUSEBIO BALCAZAR, PAMELA EL
Page 3 and 4: Effect of Breeder Nutrition and Fee
Page 5 and 6: BIBLIOGRAPHYPamela Eliana Eusebio B
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTSLIST OF TABLES …
Page 9 and 10: Broiler Experiment 2 ..............
Page 11: LIST OF TABLESCHAPTER ITable I-1. N
Page 15 and 16: eeder feeder space change for the p
Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTIONThere is a worldwide co
Page 19 and 20: importance according to reports fro
Page 21 and 22: (Berry et al., 1996), ascorbic acid
Page 23 and 24: Rotated TibiaRotated tibia is descr
Page 25 and 26: Yolk and its lipid content also aff
Page 27 and 28: Australia, Canada (Bird, 1997; Inte
Page 29 and 30: except for copper that is mostly pr
Page 31 and 32: Table I-3. Total phosphorus, phytat
Page 33 and 34: vitamin E, and the water-soluble an
Page 35 and 36: 2007). For instance, a sigmoid feed
Page 37 and 38: REFERENCESAbdel-Salam, Z. A., A. M.
Page 39 and 40: Choct, M. 1997. Feed Non-Starch Pol
Page 41 and 42: Febrer, K., T. A. Jones, C. A. Donn
Page 43 and 44: Johansson, K., J. Örberg, A. B. Ca
Page 45 and 46: Leksrisompong, N., M. Argüelles-Ra
Page 47 and 48: Nelson, T. S. 1967. The utilization
Page 49 and 50: Reddi, A. H. 2000. Initiation and p
Page 51 and 52: Starcher, B. C., C. H. Hill, and J.
Page 53 and 54: Weiss, R. E., and A. H. Reddi. 1980
Page 55 and 56: INTRODUCTIONThe nutrition and feedi
Page 57 and 58: second objective was to determine t
Page 59 and 60: feathers. Fertility was calculated
Page 61 and 62: Table II-1. Composition of broiler
Page 63 and 64:
heavier (P < 0.05) compared with th
Page 65 and 66:
ABCFigure II-2. Effects of diet typ
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Cumulative mortality (%)LevelsMain
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Table II-3. Effects of diet type, f
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Figure II-7. Effects of diet type (
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Table II-4. P-values for the effect
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Table II-6. P-values for the effect
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DISCUSSIONBody Weights and Cumulati
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Reproductive PerformanceReproductiv
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Y:A ratio due to higher yolk percen
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REFERENCESAltuntaş, E., and A. Şe
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Jong, I. C., V. S. Voorst, D. A. Eh
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Peebles E. D., C. D. Zumwalt, S. M.
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concluded that maternal diet type a
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The feeding program of female broil
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Hatching ExperimentAll the egg prod
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ijk : Effect of the second order in
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program, and the same feeder space
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Table III-2. Effect of breeder diet
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Table III-4. Effect of breeder/broi
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DISCUSSIONEgg Weight, Eggshell Prop
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eproductive tract. Melnychuk et al.
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CONCLUSIONSIt was concluded that br
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Cruickshank, E. M. 1934. Studies in
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Oviedo-Rondón, E. O., J. Small, M.
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Van der Eerden, B. C. J., M. Karper
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INTRODUCTIONBone development starts
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MATERIAL AND METHODSBroiler Breeder
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Chickens were group weighed at plac
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Pens were included as random effect
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Table IV-2. Composition of broiler
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corn-based diets produced progeny t
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Feed Conversion Ratio Adjusted for
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Table IV-4. Effects of diet type, m
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Maternal feeding programs alone aff
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Table IV-7. Effects of diet type, m
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Progeny Mortality. No significant (
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Six-wk-old male chickens from 32 an
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Table IV-11. Effects of diet type,
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Probability of observing crooked to
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At both breeder ages evaluated, pro
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progeny with more locomotion proble
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Hocking, P. M., and R. Bernard. 199
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CHAPTER V: EFFECT OF BREEDER FEEDIN
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Several previous investigations hav
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starter diet was fed from 0 to 4 wk
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At 46 wk, all eggs produced during
Page 157 and 158:
Leg Health EvaluationAt 4 and 6 wk
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correct for variable number of broi
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RESULTSEgg CharacteristicsAt 31 wk,
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were smaller (P < 0.05) than chicke
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progeny compared to A strain broile
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Bone Traits and Bone Mineral Densit
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49-d body weight (g) of the progeny
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Probability of observing progenycro
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Probability of observing progenywal
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Progeny bone mineral density (g/cm
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Progeny bone mineral content (g)Pro
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eared under the same conditions dur
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Brake et al., 1997). Therefore, the
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that discard physical egg effects o
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practices and environmental conditi
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compared to the provision of less f
Page 189 and 190:
Broilers that had greater prevalenc
Page 191 and 192:
Brake, J., T. J. Walsh, and S. V. V
Page 193 and 194:
Hayes, S. H., G. L. Cromwell, T. S.
Page 195 and 196:
Meuer, H. J., and R. Baumann. 1988.
Page 197 and 198:
Roberts, J. R., and M. Choct. 2006.
Page 199 and 200:
Watkins, B. A. 1991. Importance of
Page 201 and 202:
eeders restricted to the LS feeding
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