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it cannot happen to a free proton. (If it could, hydrogen would beradioactive, and you wouldn’t exist!)17 (a) A 1.0 kg rock is released from rest, and drops 1.0 m. Find√the amount of gravitational energy released.√(b) Find the rock’s kinetic energy at the end of its fall.√(c) Find the rock’s velocity at the end of its fall.38 Chapter 1 Conservation of Mass and Energy
Chapter 2Conservation ofMomentumFantasy novelist T.H. White invented a wonderful phrase that hassince entered into popular culture: “Everything not forbidden iscompulsory.” Originally intended as a satire of totalitarianism, itwas taken up by physicist Murray Gell-Mann as a metaphor forphysics. What he meant was that the laws of physics forbid all theimpossible things, and what’s left over is what really happens. Conservationof mass and energy prevent many things from happening.Objects can’t disappear into thin air, and you can’t run your carforever without putting gas in it.Some other processes are impossible, but not forbidden by thesetwo conservation laws. In the martial arts movie Crouching Tiger,Hidden Dragon, those who have received mystical enlightenment areable to violate the laws of physics. Some of the violation, such astheir ability to fly, are obvious, but others are a little more subtle.The rebellious young heroine/antiheroine Jen Yu gets into an argumentwhile sitting at a table in a restaurant. A young tough, IronArm Lu, comes running toward her at full speed, and she puts up onearm and effortlessly makes him bounce back, without even gettingout of her seat or bracing herself against anything. She does all thisbetween bites. It’s impossible, but how do we know it’s impossible?It doesn’t violate conservation of mass, because neither character’smass changes. It conserves energy as well, since the rebounding Luhas the same energy he started with.Suppose you live in a country where the only laws are prohibi-39
Page 2 and 3: copyright 2006 Benjamin Crowellrev.
Page 4 and 5: ContentsMomentum compared to kineti
Page 7 and 8: Chapter 1Conservation of Mass andEn
Page 9 and 10: 1.2 Conservation of MassWe intuitiv
Page 11 and 12: masses on the spring, and they both
Page 13 and 14: A common source of confusion is the
Page 15 and 16: Discussion questionA Each of the fo
Page 17 and 18: l / Galileo Galilei was the first p
Page 19 and 20: that this wasn’t really an argume
Page 21 and 22: the girl on the left goes up a cert
Page 23 and 24: 1. kinetic energy2. gravitational e
Page 25 and 26: In fact, your body uses up even mor
Page 27 and 28: kinetic energy is twice as much. Bu
Page 29 and 30: ather than flying off straight. New
Page 31 and 32: of mass?Actually they’re not even
Page 33 and 34: ecause the square of the speed of l
Page 35 and 36: ProblemsKey√∫⋆A computerized
Page 37: 13 How high above the surface of th
Page 41 and 42: win the Martian version of the Nobe
Page 43 and 44: a / How can we prove that this coll
Page 45 and 46: all.This is exactly like the rules
Page 47 and 48: Unequal masses example 4⊲ Suppose
Page 49 and 50: ForceDefinition of forceWhen moment
Page 51 and 52: ent relationship:(fingers on scale)
Page 53 and 54: pressed in modern units). If the ea
Page 55 and 56: p / A bowling ball is in the back o
Page 57 and 58: Kepler’s law of periodsLet T , ca
Page 59 and 60: 2.5 WorkImagine a black box 8 , con
Page 63 and 64: A tornado touches down in Spring Hi
Page 65 and 66: pensated for by an overall increase
Page 67 and 68: Kepler’s equal-area law example 4
Page 69 and 70: Torque distinguished from forceOf c
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 4RelativityComplaining abou
Page 75 and 76: motion of the apparatus. For instan
Page 77 and 78: fore Einstein. In fact, George Fitz
Page 79 and 80: We are used to thinking of time as
Page 81 and 82: j / In the garage’s frame of refe
Page 83 and 84: is now sufficiently advanced to all
Page 85 and 86: astronauts had twin siblings back o
Page 87 and 88: The derivation of the correct relat
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efore the collision0 1.60.9 0.7afte
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e the same as they always were. The
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(b) Show that your result is approx
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Chapter 5ElectricityWhere the teles
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to the egg.Luckily, we now know eno
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“A” as negative, but it really
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The main subtlety involved in this
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Note that an example like g/3 does
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⊲ An ampere-hour is a unit of cur
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portional to the voltage difference
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ing your feet on a carpet, and then
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ProblemsKey√∫⋆A computerized
Page 113 and 114:
This sunspot is a product of the su
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directions strongly evokes wave met
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The electric fieldThe definition of
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trical interaction. This seems like
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except that the bottom charge is no
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q / The force on a charged particle
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time it took for the black coil’s
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charge, there will be magnetic fiel
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z / Panel 1 shows the electromagnet
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used to make images of individual a
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Chapter 7The Ray Model of Light7.1
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Today, photography provides the sim
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Interaction of light with matterAbs
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g / Examples of ray diagrams.h / Th
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in their passing out of one medium
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Figure k shows what happens if you
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m / At double the distance, the par
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infrared, you don’t emit visible
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infinitesimally from it. In figure
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physical shape of the mirror’s su
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Sketch another copy of the face in
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Discussion questionsA The figure sh
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DLocate the images formed by the pe
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Problem 2.4 In this chapter we’ve
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signals to travel between you and t
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“The Great Wave Off Kanagawa,”
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amplitude, A. The definition of amp
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a single hump or trough. If you hit
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Surfing example 3The incorrect beli
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Sound wavesThe phenomenon of sound
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do they signify in the case of a wa
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⊲ Solving for wavelength, we have
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ProblemsKey√∫⋆A computerized
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Appendix 1: Photo CreditsExcept as
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Appendix 2: Hints and SolutionsAnsw
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cm, and the distance from the axis
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Foucault, Léon, 17frame of referen
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twin paradox, 83units, conversion o
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Commons

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