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Antibiotic Production 15.5 million kg (17,000 tons) PCN– 3.85 gms/persons on earth– 4.5 million kg (5,000 tons) TCN 40% used in livestock “Farm-to-Fork” modelWebster P. Lancet 2009;374:772-774JAC 2003; 52:5-76
Historical Perspective Until 1989 vancomycin resistance had not beenreported; Antibacterial-containing In 1994 14% of hospital-acquiredsoapsenterococci -Meta-analysis were of 27 resistant studies between to vancomycin1980-2006(32% as of 2003) - MMWR 1993;42:597-99-soaps containing triclosan(0.1%-0.45%) were no more effectivethan plain soap in preventing illness and reducing bacterial levels Not on the confined hands to bacteria - Candida sp.-several J Clin Microbiol studies showed 1994;32:1092-98 evidence of triclosan-adapted crossresistance to antibioticsCID 2007 (September) :45:S137-147 Also seen with mupirocin - JAC 2003; 51:613-17 Vancomycin-dependent Enterococci (VDE) – EID 2004;10(7):1277-817
Page 1 and 2: Update on Antibacterial Resistance<
Page 3 and 4: Bad Bugs—No Drugs!2 M people will
Page 5: Major Factors Contributing to theEm
Page 9 and 10: 400 + Hospitals21% Teaching79% Comm
Page 11 and 12: Escherichia coli Leading nosocomial
Page 13 and 14: A.R.M. Program: Escherichia coli(20
Page 15 and 16: Klebsiella pneumoniae Resistance ca
Page 17 and 18: Pseudomonas aeruginosa Inducible, c
Page 19 and 20: Gram-Positive OrganismsIf We Only K
Page 21 and 22: A.R.M. Program: Staph aureus(2000-2
Page 23 and 24: Vancomycin ResistantStaphylococcus
Page 25 and 26: % macrolide resistanceRelationship
Page 27 and 28: A.R.M. Program: Enterococcus faeciu
Page 29 and 30: A.R.M. Program: Streptococcus pneum
Page 31 and 32: Preventing ResistanceUnrealistic pa
Page 33 and 34: Strategies for Overcoming Resistanc
Page 35: Changing the Paradigm: What does th
Page 45 and 46: Program InformationA.R.M. ProgramPa

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