Children…

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The title of this book is based on a quotation from the Bible, Book of Joel 1:2-3 “Hear this, ye old man, and give ear, all ye inhabitants of the land Hath this been in your days, or even in the days of your fathers? Tell ye your children of it, and let your children tell their children, and their children another generation.” Stéphane Bruchfeld is a doctoral candidate at The Department of History of Science and Ideas, and The Hugo Valentin Centre, Uppsala University. He is currently researching the origins of Holocaust denial in Sweden, focusing in particular on the political party The National League of Sweden. Bruchfeld is the author of several publications and articles, including “Förnekandet av Förintelsen – Nynazistisk historieförfalskning efter Auschwitz.” (“Denial of the Holocaust – Neo-Nazi Falsification of History After Auschwitz”), and “Är det dags att göra sig av med ‘Förintelsen’? Reflektioner kring ett begrepp” (“Has the time come to discard ‘the Holocaust’? Reflections on a concept”). Paul A. Levine, PhD, is Docent and Associate Professor at The Hugo Valentin Centre, specialising in the History and Memory of the Holocaust. Since his 1996 dissertation “From Indifference to Activism: Swedish Diplomacy and the Holocaust 1938-1944”, Levine has published numerous articles on various aspects of Holocaust history and memory, most recently the chapter “The On-Looker”, in the Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies (London, 2010). His monograph, “Raoul Wallenberg in Budapest: Myth, History and Holocaust”, (London, 2010), has been translated into Swedish, entitled “Raoul Wallenberg i Budapest: Människan, myten och Förintelsen” (Lund, 2011). Third revised and expanded edition (2012) First printing ISBN: 978-91-86261-26-9 Published by the Living History Forum, Stockholm 2012 The authors are solely responsible for the editorial content of this book. Authors: Stéphane Bruchfeld and Paul A. Levine Project manager: Bitte Wallin Layout design: Magnus Wigg / Direktör Wigg Picture editor: Sanna Johansson / Bildresurs Translations: Stéphane Bruchfeld, Paul Levine, Katharina Lyckow Williams Printed by Edita Aros, Västerås 2012 Original English Edition Graphic design: Elsa Wohlfart This book is published by the Living History forum The Living History Forum is a Swedish public authority commissioned to work with issues related to tolerance, democracy and human rights, using the Holocaust and other crimes against humanity as its starting point. This book was originally published in 1998, and to date, over 1.5 million copies have been distributed free of charge in Sweden. This book is being distributed with the support of Natur & Kultur Natur & Kultur is a publishing foundation motivated by its founder’s principles and ideas. According to its statutes, the foundation’s primary task is to counteract totalitarian ideas and forms of government and to foster economic and political freedom.
Table of contents 6 foreword 7 Children as guinea pigs 8 Introduction 8 The background to racist ideologies 8 Antisemitism and racial biology 13 Chronology 1919–1933 14 Jewish life before the war 16 The “Gypsies” 16 “Gypsies” and the racist state 18 Homosexuals 19 The handicapped and “asocials” 20 Chronology 1934–1939 21 Persecution 22 Jewish businesses terrorised 23 International reactions 25 The November pogrom 26 A “Germanic” empire in Europe 27 The ghettos are formed 29 Life in the ghetto 32 The impossible choices 33 Death in the streets 35 Chronology 1940–1942 36 Deportation 38 Umschlagplatz 39 A place of blood and tears 41 Separations 42 The genocide of the “Gypsies” 45 Chronology 1943–1945 46 The genocide begins 49 The Einsatzgruppen 51 Sweden and the Holocaust 52 Racial theories in Sweden before the war 52 Jews in Sweden 54 The Nazi temptation 55 The “new Germany” as seen from Sweden 56 Sweden and the refugee crisis of 1938 57 Reactions to the November pogrom 59 “Business as usual” – everyday relations with Nazi Germany 60 Sweden after “Operation Barbarossa” 60 First reports of mass murder 62 The “Final Solution” in Norway 64 Swedes in foreign armies 65 Sweden’s Foreign Office fights genocide with diplomacy 66 Raoul Wallenberg and other Swedes in Budapest 67 The White Buses and other rescue operations 68 Peace in Europe, joy in Sweden 69 What does the Holocaust mean for Sweden today? 70 Swedish Chronology 1928–1945 71 from bullets to gas 72 Operation Reinhardt 75 Franz Stangl 76 Auschwitz-Birkenau 78 The 200 pictures from Birkenau 80 The 600 boys 81 Working in hell 82 Recreation time for the SS 84 Bombing Auschwitz 86 The Holocaust in other parts of Europe 87 Resistance and rescue 89 The Warsaw ghetto revolt 91 The death camp revolts 92 German civil resistance 93 The Rosenstrasse protest 95 The democracies close their doors 97 Witnesses to genocide 100 The death marches and the end of the Holocaust 101 The Holocaust – lessons to be learned? 104 Memories of the Holocaust 106 Selected bibliography 107 List of quotations 109 Pictures and illustrations
Page 2 and 3: In 1997, the former Swedish Prime M
Page 5: STéPHANE BRuCHfELD AND PAuL A. LEV
Page 9 and 10: Children as guinea pigs
Page 11 and 12: “I intend to deal with the Jewish
Page 13 and 14: ment were realised in Europe and th
Page 15 and 16: 1919 1933 16 Sept. Adolf Hitler joi
Page 17 and 18: Anne frank Anne Frank was born in F
Page 19 and 20: In 1926, the state of Bavaria passe
Page 21 and 22: The handicapped and “asocials”
Page 23 and 24: Persecution Although German Jews nu
Page 25 and 26: International reactions When Hitler
Page 27 and 28: The November pogrom On the morning
Page 29 and 30: The ghettos are formed During the M
Page 31 and 32: Life in the ghetto The first ghetto
Page 33 and 34: to the toilet. (…) They die durin
Page 35 and 36: Death in the streets Death was ever
Page 37 and 38: 1940 Jan. First trials to gas
Page 39 and 40: The deportation “to the East”,
Page 41 and 42: At the Umschlagplatz, people someti
Page 43 and 44: Separations On 12 July 1942, Hertha
Page 45 and 46: An expert on “the Gypsy nui
Page 47 and 48: 1943 18 Jan. The first rebellion in
Page 49 and 50: “Buses arrive in Hadamar several
Page 51 and 52: The Einsatzgruppen “Operation Bar
Page 53 and 54: Sweden and the Holocaust At the beg
Page 55 and 56: “Fundamentally, our ability and o
Page 57 and 58:
The “new Germany” as seen from
Page 59 and 60:
Reactions to the November pogrom Th
Page 61 and 62:
“Business as usual” - everyday
Page 63 and 64:
“Do we not even now remain silent
Page 65 and 66:
“One day, these heinous crimes wi
Page 67 and 68:
Sweden’s Foreign Office fights g
Page 69 and 70:
The White Buses and other res
Page 71 and 72:
What does the Holocaust mean for Sw
Page 73 and 74:
from bullets to gas After Germany
Page 75 and 76:
Sign at Treblinka: “Attention War
Page 77 and 78:
Franz Stangl Discussions about the
Page 79 and 80:
Pictures from Birkenau in this book
Page 81 and 82:
Women and children “of no further
Page 83 and 84:
Working in hell The so-called Sonde
Page 85 and 86:
“Most of you will know what it me
Page 87 and 88:
Annihilation through work The Germa
Page 89 and 90:
Resistance and rescue One of the mo
Page 91 and 92:
The Warsaw ghetto revolt After more
Page 93 and 94:
The death camp revolts Of all the a
Page 95 and 96:
swear an oath of allegiance to Hitl
Page 97 and 98:
The democracies close their doors N
Page 99 and 100:
Witnesses to genocide From the day
Page 101 and 102:
“These past few days the Jews fro
Page 103 and 104:
The Holocaust - lessons to be learn
Page 105 and 106:
O you who know did you know that hu
Page 107 and 108:
“My past is always at my side, bu
Page 109 and 110:
Lindberg, H., Svensk flyktingpoliti
Page 111:
p. 101 Levi, P., p. 37. p. 101 Delb
show all

Children…

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?