Cambridge Preterm Latin language pack
Cambridge Preterm Latin language pack - CW's language page
Cambridge Preterm Latin language pack - CW's language page
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1. COORDINATING (some are conjunctive particles or adverbs)<br />
a survey of <strong>Latin</strong> conjunctions (Kennedy §§176–179)<br />
a. connective:<br />
b. separative:<br />
ac etiam n!c<br />
atque and "tem also neque nor<br />
et qu#qu! n$ue<br />
-que<br />
(also neu)<br />
et…et<br />
nec…nec<br />
-que…-que both…and neque…neque neither…nor<br />
-que…et<br />
n$ue…n$ue<br />
(also neu)<br />
aut s%ue whether, or s%ue…s%ue whether…or<br />
uel or, either seu seu…seu<br />
-ue<br />
c. adversative: d. causal:<br />
at (archaic ast)<br />
enim (usu. postpositive)<br />
attamen<br />
enimu$r& (prepositive)<br />
autem (postpositive) etenim for, etc.<br />
c$terum but, etc. nam (prepositive in prose)<br />
sed<br />
namque<br />
u$rum<br />
u$rumtamen<br />
u$r&<br />
e. conclusive:<br />
erg&<br />
qu'r$<br />
itaque therefore quamobrem for which (or this) reason<br />
igitur<br />
qu'propter<br />
qu&circ'<br />
2. SUBORDINATING<br />
!<br />
a. consecutive or resultative (freq. with s%c, ita, tam, ade&, t'lis and tantus, etc. leading):<br />
ut so that ut n&n so that not<br />
qu%n that not (also used with negated expressions of prevention)<br />
b. final or purposive:<br />
qu& whereby, in order that n$ lest, so that not<br />
ut in order that n$ue or neu and lest, and that not<br />
qu&minus “by which the less” (also with positive expressions<br />
c. causal: of prevention)<br />
c(m + subj.<br />
quand&qu"dem + ind.<br />
qu") + ind. for facts, subj. for assumptions<br />
quippe + ind. and subj. , freq. with qui<br />
because, since, insofar as etc.<br />
quod usu. + subj. for alleged cause<br />
qu#n"am + ind. and subj. , for grounds<br />
s%quidem + ind. (also “if indeed”)<br />
d. temporal:<br />
cum + ind. or subj. antequam before d&nec usu.<br />
quand& pr"usquam dum while +<br />
quoti$ns when, qu#ad indic.,<br />
s"m(l ac what time, postquam after qu'tenus until +<br />
(bı etc. subj.<br />
ut<br />
these are frequently in tmesis, i.e.: prius…quam; post…quam<br />
e. conditional: s% + ind. or subj. if n"s" (n%) unless<br />
s%ue (seu) whether s% n&n if not<br />
s%n but if (dum)m#d# provided that<br />
(tantum)m#d# only, just<br />
f. concessive: g. comparative:<br />
cum + subj.<br />
ceu<br />
ets% although, quam, qu)s"<br />
etiams% however, etc. quemadmodum, qu&m#d# as, as if,<br />
quamquam (usu. + ind. with facts, s%c(t, s%c(t% as though,<br />
quamu%s + subj. with hypotheses) tamquam how, etc.<br />
utut (archaic) u!l(t, u!l(t%, uelut s%<br />
(t, ut%, ut s%<br />
utp#t!<br />
N.B. relative forms (e.g. qui) can express result, purpose, cause, condition, concession and comparison, particularly + subj.
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