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TORRENTE ET AL.<br />

of students’ gender or grade (see table 4, column 1). However, they did vary<br />

significantly as a function of students’ language minority status and school baseline<br />

scores. The program improved children’s perceptions of schools and teachers<br />

for language majority children (b = .12, p < .01) but not for language minority<br />

children (b = .04, p = .50) (see figure 3). Additionally, schools that started with a<br />

lower than average level of support (i.e., -1 SD) had improved scores (b = .21, p <<br />

.01) after one year in the treatment condition, whereas those with a higher than<br />

average level of support (i.e., +1 SD) did not change (b = .01, p = .87) (see figure<br />

4). Overall, these results demonstrate that the program had a positive impact on<br />

students’ perceptions of support from their schools and teachers. Furthermore, the<br />

effects were stronger for language majority students and for students in schools<br />

that were initially perceived as being less supportive than average.<br />

Figure 3: Supportive Schools and Teachers, Treatment by<br />

Child Language Minority Moderation<br />

NOTE: Y axis is truncated for clearer presentation.<br />

70<br />

Journal on Education in Emergencies

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