SOLUTIONS

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of inclusive green growth are generally quite
limited.
Inclusive Growth
The background section of a CSP integrating
inclusive growth would include a discussion of
progress and challenges with moving forward with
a growth path that broadens access to sustainable
socio-economic development opportunities
for more people, countries and regions while
protecting the vulnerable, and including economic,
social, spatial and political inclusion.
Very few of the CSPs reviewed include a discussion
of the four elements of inclusion: These dimensions
are of course inter-related and need to be discussed
together.
• Concerning economic inclusion, all CSPs
include a discussion of macro-economic growth
trends, and most refer to progress with poverty
reduction. A discussion of trends with gini
coefficients, a key indicator of inclusive growth,
should also be included. This is missing in many
CSPs. Also, many of the poverty analyses are out
of date, and a more determined effort by MDBs
and countries to update them is a priority
• Concerning social inclusion, nearly all CSPs
summarize progress with achieving the MDGs,
many have a brief discussion of gender, and
some discuss youth employment and alienation.
A broader discussion of issues around social
hierarchy and exclusion should also be included,
if these are important. There is rarely a discussion
of social protection programs
• Concerning spatial inclusion, most CSPs
discuss rural-urban poverty differentials but
only in very brief terms, even where there are
stark differences, but only some refer to regional
differences and then in rather general terms,
and without discussing causality and possible
solutions. ADB includes also in spatial inclusion
important level of living indicators such as the
distance from an all-weather road, access to
Inclusion: Country Examples from Nigeria, Mali and Cote d’Ivoire
The Nigeria CSP 2012-16 discusses economic, political and social inclusion issues and the
insurgency issue. It mentions challenges with energy subsidy reform. However, given the income
disparities between the north and the south and broader personal security challenges, the
CSP could usefully include either specific support for addressing these issues, or a discussion
of what others are doing. The CSP supports agricultural value chain enhancement, consistent
with economically inclusive growth. The support for infrastructure could address governance
and safety issues, however, while the support for irrigation could mention that there is a focus
on the north, and complementarities with a Ministry of Agriculture program which supports
groundwater irrigation in the north.
The Mali interim CSP 2013-4 includes a discussion of the recent conflicts and challenges of
the new government. It seeks to increase resilience by supporting socio-economic infrastructure
in the more fragile north, and there is also an agricultural program for the Sahel. More broadly
the focus on agriculture and water supply support inclusive growth. Studies are proposed on
youth employment and the private sector’s potential to contribute to inclusive growth. The
CSP also mentions that the broader Government program is targeted to pro-poor growth,
inclusive access to services and institutional development and governance.
The Cote D’Ivoire 2013-17 CSP has strong focus on inclusion and poverty reduction. It
supports economic and social re-integration, and integration of youth into employment.
Progress with land tenure reform is also mentioned. The focus of the energy access program
will be rural and peri-urban electrification, while the rural infrastructure program will also
help agricultural marketing and food security.
eVALUatiOn Matters