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Indirect Tax in 2016

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1<br />

23<br />

T h e d i g i t a l r ev ol u t i on a c c el er a t es g l ob a l t a x<br />

f r a m ew or k s a n d c oop er a t i on<br />

When the first VAT systems were implemented around 60 years a r e f r ee of i m p or t d u t i es a n d t a x es i s d ec l i n i n g t ow a r d z er o.<br />

a g o, c r oss- b or d er t r a d e w a s n ot m u c h of a n i ssu e. G ood s I n w ter h e eor y , t h i s m a k es ev er y i m p or t t a x a b l e. B u t , i n p r a c t i c e, i t<br />

m a i n l y p r od u c ed a n d sol d l oc a l l y , a n d i f g ood s w er e i m p or i tn ed c r ea , ses i t t h e a d m i n i st r a t i v e b u r d en f or c u st om s a u t h or i t i es a n d<br />

i n v ol v ed a f ew t r a d er s i n l a r g e q u a n t i t i es. B u t g l ob a l i z a tsliow on s sa d w ow n c r oss- b or d er t r a d e.<br />

a m a ssi v e ex p a n si on i n c r oss- b or d er t r a d e. B y 1 9 9 0 , t h e g l ob a l<br />

S o sh ou l d c u st om s a u t h or i t i es l ook f or n ew w a y s t o t a c k l e c r ossb<br />

or d er sa l es? A n ot h er a p p r oa c h h a s b een c h osen b y T u r k ey ,<br />

t r a d e of m a n u f a c t u r ed g ood s h a d i n c r ea sed t en f ol d f r om r a t es<br />

i n 1 9 60 . A n d w i t h t h e em er g en c e of t h e i n t er n et i n t h e 1 9 9 0 s,<br />

for example, which has announced new fil<strong>in</strong>g requirements,<br />

the first onl<strong>in</strong>e shops came <strong>in</strong>to be<strong>in</strong>g. What started as a niche<br />

ef f ec t i v e 1 J u l y 20 1 6, f or c a r r i er s a n d l og i st i c s c om p a n i es t o<br />

b u si n ess h a s ev ol v ed i n t o a m u l t i b i l l i on - d ol l a r e- c om m er c e t r en d<br />

r ep or t on t h e a g g r eg a t e sh i p m en t s f r om a su p p l i er , r eg a r d l ess of<br />

ov er j u st a f ew y ea r s, w i t h t w o- d i g i t g r ow t h r a t es ea c h y ea r . B y<br />

t h e i d en t i t y of t h e i m p or t er s. I n t h e E U , a n ex t en si on of t h e M i n<br />

20 1 8 , g l ob a l e- c om m er c e sa l es a r e ex p ec t ed t o h a v e p a ssed t h e<br />

O n e- S t op - S h op ( M O S S ) sy st em ( see b el ow ) i s b ei n g d i sc u ssed<br />

U S D 1 , 5 0 0 b i l l i on m a r k ( see F i g u r e 2) .<br />

f or E U su p p l i er s of g ood s t h a t h a v e t o r eg i st er a n d p a y V A T i n<br />

Now a d a y s, c on su m er s or d er g ood s f r om a l m ost a n y w h er e t h e E U c ou n t r y of a r r i v a l i f t h ey sel l g ood s t o p r i v a t e c on su m er s<br />

i n t h e w or l d a n d h a v e t h em sh i p p ed d i r ec t l y t o t h ei r h om t hes.<br />

er e. A n d S w i t z er l a n d p l a n s t o i m p l em en t su c h a p r oc ed u r e i n<br />

A s a c on seq u en c e, m i l l i on s of i n d i v i d u a l p a r c el s, m a n y w i 2017 t h — one of the first non-EU countries to do so.<br />

v a l u es b el ow t h e t h r esh ol d s f or l ev y i n g c u st om s d u t i es a n d<br />

D i g i t a l i z a t i on i s f or c i n g t h ese d ev el op m en t s t o g o ev en f u r t h er .<br />

t a x es, c r oss b or d er s ev er y d a y . I n m a n y m a r k et s, t h ese l ow -<br />

I n c r ea si n g l y , or d er s of p h y si c a l g ood s a r e g i v i n g w a y t o a<br />

v a l u e c on si g n m en t s a r e g i v i n g f or ei g n su p p l i er s a c om p et i t i v e<br />

si m p l e d ow n l oa d of d a t a . B ook s a r e b ou g h t a s el ec t r on i c b ook s;<br />

advantage over local suppliers, and they are caus<strong>in</strong>g significant<br />

m u si c a n d m ov i es a r e st r ea m ed ; a n d , w i t h t h e d ev el op m en t of<br />

l osses of t a x r ev en u e ( su c h a s i m p or t d u t i es a n d V A T / G S T ) . A s a<br />

3D p r i n t er s, c on su m er s w i l l c r ea t e m or e a n d m or e g ood s on t h e<br />

r esu l t , c u st om s a u t h or i t i es a r e t a k i n g st ep s t o p r ot ec t t h i s sou r c e<br />

sp ot a n d i n r ea l t i m e, a c q u i r i n g f r om t h e sel l er j u st t h e n ec essa r y<br />

of r ev en u e. I n m a n y c ou n t r i es, t h e t h r esh ol d b el ow w h i c h g ood s<br />

d a t a t o p r og r a m t h e p r i n t er .<br />

F i g u re 2. Global ret ai l sales are set t o i n crease, alt h ou g h t h e rat e of<br />

g row t h i s an t i ci p at ed t o slow<br />

$1.6<br />

$1.4<br />

$1.2<br />

$1.0<br />

$0.8<br />

$0.6<br />

$0.4<br />

$0.2<br />

$ 69 4 . 8<br />

$ 8 39 . 8<br />

Global e-commerce sales<br />

( U S $ b i l l i on s)<br />

$ 9 9 4 . 5<br />

$ 1 , 1 5 5 . 7<br />

$ 1 , 328 . 0<br />

$ 1 , 5 0 6. 0<br />

$0.0<br />

2013<br />

2014 2015 <strong>2016</strong> 2017 2018<br />

S ou r c e: “ G l ob a l R et a i l E - C om m er c e K eep s on C l i c k i n g : T h e 20 1 5 G l ob a l R et a i l E - C om m er c e I n d ex , ” A T K ea r n ey w eb si t e, w w w . a t k ea r n ey . c o<br />

c on su m er - p r od u c t s- r et a i l / e- c om m er c e- i n d ex / f u l l - r ep or t , a c c essed 2 F eb r u a r y 20 1 6.<br />

8 I n d i rect T ax i n <strong>2016</strong>

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