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THE INTERNATIONAL BIOGAS TREND © ISTOCK.COM / AM-C In Europe there is a growing movement to use agricultural, food and sewage waste products in biogas reactors. In Sweden, for example, 250 buses in the Stockholm Public Transport system run on biogas. This is an excellent solution to deal with waste and effluent, which currently present a huge pollution risk. Biogas plants can be built at many different scales. They can cater to small, localised needs in agriculture, dealing with the likes of dairy and piggery waste. At a large, centralised scale, they can be used by wastewater treatment works to supply their own energy needs or to provide power for regional and national needs. One cubic metre of biogas can produce both 2.4kWh of electricity and 2.5kWh of heat. Other benefits include bio-fertilisers, biomethane, savings on capital costs for waste cleaning systems and preventing methane emissions. Such biogas technology would serve both the agricultural and urban wastewater treatment sectors, reducing localised eutrophication and health risks, as well as contributing to alternative energy sources in a country that is in dire need of both.
Chapter 4: Water Quality LOOKING AHEAD: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO BETTER WATER QUALITY FURTHER INFORMATION Municipal Bench Marking Initiative – http://www.munibench.co.za/ Green Drop & Blue Drop Reports – https://www.dwa.gov.za/dir_ws/DWQR/ http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/BLUE_GREENDROPREPORT/blue_drop_ certification.htm Water Quality guidelines http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/ guidelines/en/ Water Facts & Futures: Rethinking South Africa’s Water Future | Page 61
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Foreword 2˚C INCREASE IN GLOBAL TE
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© WWF-SA / HOUGAARD MALAN
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WATER DOESN’T COME FROM A TAP SOU
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Page 21 and 22: THE DIVERSITY OF OUR LIVING WATERS
Page 23 and 24: OUR THREATENED ECOSYSTEMS South Afr
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Page 98: CONTRIBUTORS Agricultural Research
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