Helicobacter pylori - Portal Neonatal

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Congenital problems of the gastrointestinal tract
Figure 2.1 Common anatomical variants of esophageal
atresia (EA)/tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) anomalies. (a)
EA with distal TEF; (b) isolated EA with no TEF; (c) H-type
TEF; (d) proximal and distal TEF; (e) EA with proximal TEF.
Spitz classification 6 (Table 2.2), incorporating birth
weight and presence of major congenital heart
disease status, may be useful in predicting survival.
Clinical features
Esophageal atresia is commonly associated with
maternal polyhydramnios. The diagnosis may be
made in the antenatal period, particularly if there
is no tacheoesophageal fistula. In the postnatal
period, symptoms include excessive salivation,
feeding difficulties, respiratory distress, and
cyanotic episodes. Cases of esophageal atresia
(with the exception of the rare esophageal atresia
with double fistula) can be confirmed by failure of
Table 2.2 Spitz classification of esophageal
atresia (EA)/tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)
anomalies and outcome 6
Group Clinical features Survival (%)
I BW ≥1500g with no major CHD 97
II BW