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I wasn’t able to swim yesterday as the weather was very bad.<br />

I couldn’t see him in the dark.<br />

I wasn’t able to see him in the dark.<br />

♥ permisiunea<br />

A: Can I borrow your pen ? B: Of course you can.<br />

♥ permisiunea în trecut<br />

On Sundays we could stay in bed until ten o’clock.- Duminică aveam voie să stăm în pat până la<br />

ora 10. În acest sens, can/could poate fi înlocuit de be allowed to, be permitted to: On Sundays<br />

we were allowed to stay in bed until ten o’clock.<br />

MAY/MIGHT<br />

♥ folosit pentru a cere (a) sau a acorda (b) permisiunea (mai oficial decât can):<br />

a) May I go ? Pot să plec ?<br />

b) You may go. Poţi să pleci.<br />

♥ exprimă o cerere, o rugăminte politicoasă (may este mai politicos şi oficial decât can/could):<br />

May I use your phone ? Îmi daţi voie să dau telefon ?<br />

♥ exprimă o posibilitate prezentă sau viitoare<br />

He may come today- Se poate să vină azi.<br />

♥ might este folosit în cereri insistente sau atunci când vorbitorul este iritat de neîndeplinirea<br />

unei acţiuni<br />

You might give me an answer. (Please, give me an answer)<br />

MUST / HAVE TO / NEED<br />

MUST<br />

Must se foloseşte pentru a exprima:<br />

1) obligaţia: They must stop because the traffic light is red now.<br />

Must exprimând obligaţia poate fi înlocuit de have to sau ‘ve got to.<br />

2. deducţia logică: She must be at home. She left two hours ago.<br />

HAVE TO. Între must şi have to există următoarele diferenţe de sens:<br />

a) Must exprimă o obligaţie impusă de către vorbitor, pe când have to exprimă o obligaţie impusă<br />

din exterior:<br />

I must go. (It’s my decision).<br />

We have to go. (The shop is closing).<br />

b) Must exprimă o obligaţie importantă, urgentă:<br />

I must be at the hospital at two. It’s most important.<br />

Have to exprimă o obligaţie obişnuită, repetată (habitual obligation):<br />

I have to be at the hospital at seven o’clock every morning. I begin work at seven.<br />

Prezent: You must stay home for a few days. You’ve got flu.<br />

You have to stay home when you have flu.<br />

Past Tense:<br />

Viitor:<br />

He had to stay home last week. He was quite ill.<br />

You must stay home tomorrow if you don’t feel better.<br />

You’ll have to stay home when you feel feverish again.<br />

HAVE GOT TO<br />

În vorbirea familiară, se adaugă got la have to, iar have se contrage obţinându-se<br />

I’ve got/I haven’t got to phone her.<br />

NEED/NEEDN’T<br />

♥ folosit pentru a exprima lipsa obligativităţii<br />

You needn’t come early to work= You don’t have to come early. (nu era nevoie)<br />

SHALL/SHOULD.<br />

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