Glossary of Video Terms and Acronyms - Isotest

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This Glossary of Video Terms and Acronyms is a compilation of material gathered over time from numerous sources. It is provided "as-is" and in good faith, without any warranty as to the accuracy or currency of any definition or other information contained herein. Please contact Tektronix if you believe that any of the included material violates any proprietary rights of other parties.
1/4" Phone – A connector used in audio production that is characterized by its single shaft with locking tip. 1/8th Mini – A small audio connector used frequently in consumer electronics. 1 CBPS – 1 Coded Bit Per Symbol. 1:1 – Either a perfectly square (9:9) aspect ratio or the field:frame ratio of progressive scanning. 100 Field Per Second – Field rate of some European proposals for a world standard for ATV (Advanced Television). 12.5T Sine-Squared Pulse with 3.579545 MHz Modulation – Conventional chrominance-to-luminance gain and delay measurements are based on analysis of the baseline of a modulated 12.5T pulse. This pulse is made up of a sine-squared luminance pulse and a chrominance packet with a sine-squared envelope as shown in the figure below. This waveform has many advantages. First it allows for the evaluation of both gain and delay differences with a single signal. It also eliminates the need to separately establish a low-frequency amplitude reference with a white bar. Since a low-frequency reference pulse is present along with the highfrequency information, the amplitude of the pulse itself can be normalized. The HAD of 12.5T was chosen in order to occupy the chrominance bandwidth of NTSC as fully as possible and to produce a pulse with sufficient sensitivity to delay distortion. 0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 1-9 0 LUMINANCE COMPONENT CHROMINANCE COMPONENT 3.12 µs 125M – See SMPTE 125M. 1410 NTSC Test Signal Generator – Discontinued analog circuit based Tektronix test signal generator that is used to generate full field composite analog test signals. Replaced by the Tektronix TSG-170A. 1450 Demodulator – Tektronix high quality demodulator that provides envelope and synchronous demodulation. 1480 Waveform Monitor – Discontinued Tektronix waveform monitor. Replaced by the 1780R. 16 VSB – Vestigial sideband modulation with 16 discrete amplitude levels. BOTH COMPONENTS ADDED A 3.12 µs HAD 1.56 µs MOD 12.5T PULSE 1 0 Video Terms and Acronyms Glossary 16 QAM – 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation. 16x9 – A widescreen television format in which the aspect ratio of the screen is 16 units wide by 9 high as opposed to the 4x3 of normal TV. 1780R Waveform Monitor/Vectorscope – Tektronix microprocessor controlled combination waveform monitor and vectorscope. 1910 Digital Generator/Inserter – Tektronix VITS test signal generator. 2-1/2D (Two and One-Half Dimensions) – This term refers to the kind of dimensionality (i.e., 2D, 3D) that can be created using multiplane animation. Since a layer in such animation can lie in front of one cel (or plane), or in back of another layer, the resulting effect is of a three dimensional world. This is a limited 3D world, however, because the layers are fixed in relation to each other. For this reason, multiplane animation is referred to as 2-1/2 dimensions. It is a very useful technique, however, even for computer graphics, because by ordering the layers in the way a painter does, you can save the computer the need to compare objects that are in different layers (that is, compare them for purposes of hidden surface removal). 2 CBPS – 2 Coded Bits Per Symbol. 2:1 – Either an aspect ratio twice as wide as it is high (18:9) or the field:frame ratio of interlaced scanning. 24 Frames Per Second – International standard for motion picture film shooting and projection, though film shot for television in 625 scanningline countries is usually shot at 25 frames per second (even if not, it is transferred to television at 25 frames per second). There are moves afoot in the U.S. to increase the film frame rate to 30 for improved temporal resolution. The ImageVision HDEP system and other electronic cinematography systems use 24 frames per second. RCA once proposed an electronic cinematography system with 2625 scanning lines (2475 active), a 2:33:1 aspect ratio, and a frame rate of 23.976023 frames/sec. 25 Frames Per Second – Frame rate of television in all countries not conforming to CCIR system M (NTSC). Also the frame rate of film shot for television in those countries. 25 Hz HDTV Bitstream – A bitstream which contains only Main Profile, High Level (or simpler) video at 25 Hz or 50 Hz frame rates. 25 HZ HDTV IRD – An IRD (Integrated Receiver Decoder) that is capable of decoding and displaying pictures based on a nominal video frame rate of 25 Hz or 50 Hz from MPEG-2 Main Profile, High Level bitstreams, in addition to providing the functionality of a 25 Hz SDTV IRD. 25 Hz SDTV Bitstream – A bitstream which contains only Main Profile, Main Level video at 25 Hz frame rate. 25 Hz SDTV IRD – An IRD (Integrated Receiver Decoder) which is capable of decoding and displaying pictures based on a nominal video frame rate of 25 Hz from MPEG-2 Main Profile, Main Level bitstreams. 29.97 Frames Per Second – Frame rate of NTSC color television, changed from 30 so that the color subcarrier could be interleaved between both the horizontal line frequency and the sound carrier. www.tektronix.com/video_audio 1
Page 1: Glossary of Video Terms and Acronym
Page 5 and 6: 5-Step Staircase - This signal is c
Page 7 and 8: and chairs of the boards of major b
Page 9 and 10: parameters are rate or time control
Page 11 and 12: ted to an analog monitor are usuall
Page 13 and 14: or distortion of the image, introdu
Page 15 and 16: Audio - a) Signals consisting of fr
Page 17 and 18: B B Bus - The bottom row of the two
Page 19 and 20: BEP - Bit Error Probability. BER -
Page 21 and 22: Bit Slip - The condition in a messa
Page 23 and 24: Blur - A state of reduced resolutio
Page 25 and 26: Broad Pulses - Another name for the
Page 27 and 28: C C/N - Ratio of RF or IF signal po
Page 29 and 30: like Kodak’s Photo CDs, do have s
Page 31 and 32: device does not see bright blue or
Page 33 and 34: selection that blanks portions of a
Page 35 and 36: have been developed to accurately a
Page 37 and 38: Color Mapping - Color mapping is di
Page 39 and 40: Common Image Format (CIF) - The sta
Page 41 and 42: Compression - a) The process of ele
Page 43 and 44: Control Room - The enclosed room wh
Page 45 and 46: Cupping - Curvature of a tape in th
Page 47 and 48: Data Essence - Essence that is dist
Page 49 and 50: Defect - For tape, an imperfection
Page 51 and 52: distortion can be determined by com
Page 53 and 54:
Digital Video Disc (DVD) - A new fo
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Distribution Quality - The level of
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DSK Monitor - A video output showin
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Dynamic Metadata Dictionary - The s
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floppy disk file, which is used to
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delay is measured by passing an amp
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it disappears. Also noted on the sh
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FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) - A ma
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FlashPix - A multi-resolution image
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Frame Capture (Frame Grabber) - Tak
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G G.711 - This ITU recommendation d
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Ghost - A shadowy or weak image in
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H H Drive - See Horizontal Drive. H
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carries increased resolution, impro
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Hold Time - The time data must be s
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Transform). This system is the basi
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Illuminance - Quotient of the lumin
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the signal before displaying it. ID
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Intercast - a) An Intel developed p
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Intrinsic Coercive Force - The magn
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acter generator to create a key bor
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K K - Symbol for 1000 (103 ). When
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L Label - Name assigned to a memory
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Line Doubling - Any number of schem
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ange signals may require “rubber-
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This amplitude distortion is a resu
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M M - The CCIR designation for 525
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particular functional area of a swi
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(impedance) which exactly matches a
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ent. b) The noise arising when repr
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Motion Path - The movement between
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the strongest signal, with the weak
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N NAB (National Association of Broa
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Non-Additive Mix (NAM) - The proces
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NTSC Composite Video Receiver Syste
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Open MPEG Consortium - The goal of
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P P - Puncturing. Pack - A pack con
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placed somewhere else. A jump to th
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nal picture corresponding to a P-fr
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are performed with simplified progr
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sation is causal, that is, only bas
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less cable and DBS) the opportunity
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Q Q - Quantization. Q-1 - Inverse Q
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R R, G, B Color Space - a) An addit
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tion and with dynamic resolution co
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is in a symmetrically cyclically ma
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composite chroma key. It is an opti
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S S/F - Sound over film, meaning th
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image in the vertical direction. In
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Also called standard digital televi
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to-reference-white excursion. Conve
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channel can be eliminated, conservi
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SMPTE 292M - The SMPTE recommended
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Spectral Analysis - a) Determinatio
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always wear a wrist strap when work
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tape decks support separate luma (Y
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System Manager - A set of tools tha
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adjectives static and dynamic are u
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Terrestrial Transmission Standards
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image during shooting. The Video Ti
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Transport Stream - A multiplex of s
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U U - The B-Y signal after a weight
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V V - The R-Y signal after a weight
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VHS-C (VHS-Compact) - A miniature v
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ter, VISTA was one of the first ATV
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essence, sliding the curve down 6 d
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Country TV Color Stereo Subtitles H
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Y Y (Luminance) - a) An abbreviatio
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Z Z-Axis - An axis of a three-dimen
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