CO2 Sequestration through Deep Saline Injection and ...

Table of Contents
Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 4
Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 4
1. Part I: Evaluation and Selection of Sequestration Methods........................................................ 4
1.1. Geological Sequestration Methods ...................................................................................... 4
1.1.1. General Considerations................................................................................................. 4
1.1.2. Deep Saline Aquifer Injection ...................................................................................... 7
1.1.3. Coalbed Injection.......................................................................................................... 7
1.1.4. Oil and Gas Reservoir Injection.................................................................................... 7
1.2. Additional Sequestration Methods....................................................................................... 8
1.2.1. Ocean Fertilization........................................................................................................ 8
1.2.2. Deep Ocean Injection.................................................................................................... 8
1.2.3. Terrestrial Aforestation................................................................................................. 8
1.2.4. Mineral Carbonization .................................................................................................. 9
1.2.5. Biological Sequestration: Industrial-Bioreactor ........................................................... 9
1.3. Selected Methods................................................................................................................. 9
2. Part II: The IGCC Power Plant ................................................................................................. 10
3. Part III: The Photosynthetic Biological Reactor....................................................................... 11
3.1. Thermal Pretreatment......................................................................................................... 11
3.2. Bio-Reactor Design............................................................................................................ 12
3.2.1. Principles and Theory ................................................................................................. 12
3.2.2. Design Summary......................................................................................................... 17
3.3. Light Separation and Transmission ................................................................................... 22
3.3.1. Wavelength Requirements.......................................................................................... 23
3.3.2. Solar Irradiance........................................................................................................... 24
3.3.3. Solar Energy to Electrical Energy Conversion ........................................................... 25
3.3.4. Light Separation Equipment ....................................................................................... 29
3.3.5. Discussion of Fiber Optics.......................................................................................... 30
3.3.6. Design Summary using Photovoltaic Cells................................................................. 30
3.3.7. Design Summary using Thermal Energy.................................................................... 31
3.4. Light Collection ................................................................................................................. 32
3.4.1. Light/Energy Requirements........................................................................................ 33
3.4.2. Types of Collectors..................................................................................................... 33
3.4.3. Parabolic Trough Collector......................................................................................... 33
3.5. Linear Fresnel Collector .................................................................................................... 34
3.6. Parabolic Mini Dish ........................................................................................................... 35
3.7. Heliostats............................................................................................................................ 35
3.7.1. CONCEPT OF THE MTSA ....................................................................................... 35
3.7.2. Heliostat Design.......................................................................................................... 36
3.8. Land Requirements ............................................................................................................ 40
3.8.1. Design Summary......................................................................................................... 40
3.9. Cost and Feasibility Study – PBR System......................................................................... 41
3.9.1. Current and Future Market Conditions....................................................................... 41
3.9.2. Sequestration Using PBR and PV............................................................................... 43
3.9.3. Sequestration using PBR and CCLC .......................................................................... 44
4. Recommended Sequestration System and Design.................................................................... 44