CO2 Sequestration through Deep Saline Injection and ...

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Figure 26 Ground Coverage with Horizontal Primary Axis (76%) [52] The reason that so much space is wasted in this arrangement is because of the rounded shape of the barrel defined by the rectangular shape of the conventional heliostat. However, other shapes exist, such as a hexagon, and can yield much better packing. Figure 27 shows the unimpeded space of the rectangular and triangular portions of the heliostat. The sum of the two volumes looks like Figure 27 (a) Figure 27 Unimpeded Space Volume of Hexagonal Heliostats [52] Because of the linear sides of the pointed barrel, the heliostats can fit together with up to 100% ground coverage as seen in Figure 28. 38
Figure 28 An orientation of a 100% ground coverage heliostats A simple geometric relationship exists to describe the geometry that will result in a heliostat shape that will yield 100% ground coverage. Take any rectangular shape and circumscribe a circle around it. Take the tangents to the circle at the vertices of the rectangle and let them form the triangular top and bottom of the hexagon. This results in the smallest heliostat that will give 100% coverage. Figure 29 shows this relationship. Figure 29 Proportions of a Heliostat that will Achieve 100% Ground Coverage [52] An infinite combination of heliostat proportions is possible and shown in Figure 30. Any combination of ratios above the line will result in a hexagon that will give 100% ground coverage [52]. 39
Page 1 and 2: CO2 Sequestration through Deep Sali
Page 3 and 4: 5. Part IV: Deep Saline Aquifer Inj
Page 5 and 6: desirable to store CO2 under physic
Page 7 and 8: accepted [11, 12]. To further maxim
Page 9 and 10: management will to an extent seques
Page 11 and 12: Scheme of IGCC Air N 2 O 2 Gasifier
Page 13 and 14: Because of the expense of the light
Page 15 and 16: the change in rate with respect to
Page 17 and 18: measurements were performed for Syn
Page 19 and 20: A model was developed to address th
Page 21 and 22: Figure 10 Light Intensity Distribut
Page 23 and 24: will be used to power light-emittin
Page 25 and 26: Figure 13 Average daily solar irrad
Page 27 and 28: Figure 14 Schematic representing th
Page 29 and 30: The cascading closed loop cycle (CC
Page 31 and 32: e able to use the full spectrum of
Page 33 and 34: generation equipment. The light tra
Page 35 and 36: The reflectors are slightly curve a
Page 37: Figure 24 Conventional Heliostats [
Page 41 and 42: towers such that 9 of the towers (s
Page 43 and 44: Because most of the costs involved
Page 45 and 46: 5. PART IV: DEEP SALINE AQUIFER INJ
Page 47 and 48: 5.2.2. Solubility Trapping Addition
Page 49 and 50: − + + HCO 3 + Ca2 � CaCO 3(s) +
Page 51 and 52: impede multi-phase fluid flow due t
Page 53 and 54: Potential leakages pathways through
Page 55 and 56: 5.5. INJECTION MODELING A small num
Page 57 and 58: (m 2 ), gas viscosity under reservo
Page 59 and 60: A more accurate analysis of these c
Page 61 and 62: Scenarios of injection rate were ex
Page 63 and 64: Figure 49 CO2 saturation of matrix
Page 65 and 66: of -800m. The system was designed s
Page 67 and 68: Fe + CO 2 + H2O � FeCO 3 + H 2 (2
Page 69 and 70: effect” can be observed on the se
Page 71 and 72: • Cascading multiple turbo-expand
Page 73 and 74: Propane is a naturally occurring hy
Page 75 and 76: investigation. However, the case sh
Page 77 and 78: 8. REFERENCES 1. Special Report on
Page 79 and 80: 38. Bennewitz, P. Designing an appa
Page 81 and 82: 80. Pruess, K, T Xu, J Apps, and J
Page 83 and 84: Appendix A Literature Review
Page 85 and 86: Table of Contents Team Objectives .
Page 87 and 88: Team Objectives As awareness of the
Page 89 and 90:
Figure 1 CO2 Phase Diagram [3] As i
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Transportation It is preferred to t
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(a) (b) Figure 6 Sensitivity of flo
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will need to convince those sectors
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Figure 7 U.S. coal seams distribute
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proximity technology. Capture costs
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Table 1 EOR Injection Statistics [3
Page 103 and 104:
Geologic Sequestration: Deep Saline
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Figure 11 Subsurface temperature an
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Figure 12 The magenta line represen
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Although there is little data to su
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through marine organisms. It has be
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Biological Sequestration: Terrestri
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wheat, bamboo) and wood is being pr
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Kandji stated that the carbon seque
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Table 5 Composition of various mine
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pressure; then the Mg 2+ is liberat
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Aqueous carbonation In an aqueous p
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Biological Sequestration: Industria
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Indoor closed systems have the adva
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are defined above, and Is was 45W/m
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technology was developed to allow f
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References 1. IPCC, Special Report
Page 135 and 136:
34. Gunter, WD, MJ Mavor, and JR Ro
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70. Tschakert, P. The costs of soil
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106. Singh, S, BN Kate, and UC Bane
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syms axd adx x d Io c em=50; kc=2.7
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ylabel('PAR Light Intensity [W/m^2]
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The following procedure was used in
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Procedure: 1. Solve for the intensi
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Add Equipment Edit Equipment User A
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Add Materials Material Classificati
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Probable Variation of Key Parameter
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Cumulative Cash Position Data 1000
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Power Preference kilowatts 1 kW / k
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Centrifugal pump 3.3892 0.0536 0.15
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Name Total Module Cost Grass Roots
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Project Value (millions of dollars)
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Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return
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Payback Period Data 1000 Low DPBP 3
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Compressor Data (without electric m
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Materail Factors, FM Shell - CS CS
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Equations of state utilize expanded
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REFERENCES 1. Peng, D.Y. and D.B. R
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As stated before, the equation that
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Appendix G Stream Property Table fo
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Stream Number 109 110 111 112 113 1
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Stream Number 128 129 Temperature C
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