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views Earthquake in nepal VIEWS FROM DIFFERENT PEOPLE TEXT: Dristi Manandhar IN AN ATTEMPT TO RESPOND TO THE DEVASTATING EARTHQUAKE THAT STUCK NEPAL ON THE 25TH APRIL 2015, WE TALKED TO A PANEL OF PROFESSIONALS FROM DIFFERENT SECTORS IN ORDER DEVELOP A BETTER UNDERSTANDING ON THE ISSUES THAT HAVE SURFACED AFTER THE RECENT DESTRUCTION. THE PANEL OF PROFESSIONALS CONSTITUTED OF THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUALS: Mr. Badan Lal Nyachhon (Multidisciplinary Pvt. Ltd.) Mr. Jagdish Man Shrestha (Department of Irrigation) Dr. Jagdish Chandra Pokhrel ( Former Vice Chairperson - National Planning Commission) Mr. Kishore Thapa (President - SONA) Mr. Sanjay Lal Shrestha (Outer Design) Dr. Rohit Ranjit (Kathmandu Valley Preservation Trust) Mr. Rajendra Prasad Kayastha (Akara Materials Testing Laboratory Pvt. Ltd.) Mr. Pawan Kumar Shrestha (Green Tree Developers Pvt. Ltd.) 42 / SPACES FEBRUARY 2016
1 Many houses in Gangabu bus park, Sitapaila, Swayambhu areas have collapsed. But, those from highly vulnerable such as Asan, Indrachowk and many other densely populated areas remain unaffected. What could be the reason for this? Could it have been bad engineering, lack of skilled manpower or possibly the oil condition? “It’s not just a single aspect but a combination of the above mentioned factors. The quality of the building material and the designated use of the building after its construction also play a pivotal role. For example, a building designed as a residential building would not be structurally safe to be used as a commercial building etc.” Mr. Badan Lal Nyachhon If you look at the trend of the damaged structures during this earthquake, there are three things we must understand. Firstly, this earthquake was of a lesser magnitude than that of the 1990’s. Secondly, it is either due to the soil conditions or the structures’ deficiency that have caused the buildings to collapse. Thirdly, it is also due to the type and intensity of the EQ waves that have hit these different places that have caused such varying results. Mr. Jagadish Man Shrestha The damage caused during this earthquake is mainly due to the fact that people do not take proper care of their buildings. People here do not consider for the soil test before construction, selection of qualitative material during the construction phase and proper restoration of the structures post construction. It is essential for people to understand that after a certain period of time our buildings start ageing too. Their strength slowly starts to disintegrate and it was these types of buildings that were very vulnerable to damamge during this EQ. Mr. KishoreThapa “The damages to structures during the recent earthquake are due to multiple reasons such as, design deficiency, poor construction practices, lack of proper soil investigation etc. There is definitely a lack of professional and qualified engineers and supervisors with the experience of having worked as a contractor. Private builders of residential buildings rarely employ competent engineers or contractors for construction. In Gongabu, Swayambu area where many building have collapsed, one of the main reasons appears to be the bad soil condition. These places are highly susceptible to “liquefaction” during sudden shocks or vibration because of the loose alluvial deposit from the Bishnumati River. In areas like Asan, the buildings, as old as they may be, are clustered together and act as a single unit, having a very large combined base in relation to their height. This adds to their stability and hence little or no damage occurs. Mr. Rajendra Prasad Kayastha The factors that mostly lead to these discrepancies are: 1. Soil Condition 2. Building condition- Generally structures constructed in a row or constructed during the same timeline have lesser tendency to succumb during EQ since they act as a single entity 3. The way the structure has been constructed- this includes the building materials used, building codes followed, design conditions and basic engineering Dr. Jagdish Chandra Pokhrel The fact that Sitapaila and Gongabu are located in an uphill area where the soil conditions are not suitable for construction makes the building here weaker and more susceptible to damage during earthquakes. In contrast as the soil conditions at Ason and Indrachowk are more habitable, the buildings have also been built in clusters making them comparatively less vulnerable to the shakes. Mr. Pawan Kumar Shrestha We have heard that the soil in areas around Gongabu, Sitapaila and Kalimati are not suitable for building construction. This land was previously used for farming. In some cases the engineering of the structure also plays a key role but as far the above area is considered, it is the soil conditions that led to such hazardous results. Dr. Rohit Ranjit The soil condition is one of the main reasons. Even though the houses along the ring road area are recently built, there are lot changes of ownership of these properties. As the demand for rentals increased the new owners kept adding more floors without considering the original structural design considerations, which lead the buildings to be more vulnerable to the earthquake. The lack of quality works, curing and quality material are also reasons for the collapse of a lot of the houses. FEBRUARY 2016 SPACES / 43
Page 1: Vol 12 N o. 01 February 2016 A R T
Page 5 and 6: FEBRUARY 2016 SPACES / 5
Page 15 and 16: e v i e w NEGOTIATING THE TIMELINE
Page 17 and 18: e v i e w A sampling of photograph
Page 19 and 20: e v i e w The biggest change has b
Page 21 and 22: e v i e w [HOMEWORK THE GAME] Visi
Page 23 and 24: e v i e w On 5th of November, 2015
Page 25 and 26: THE BEST INTERIOR PAINT NEPAL HAS E
Page 27 and 28: e v i e w THE VERDICT On 28thof Sh
Page 31 and 32: have the right qualifications and t
Page 33 and 34: More simplistically put, let’s re
Page 35 and 36: let’s build safe world Walking Th
Page 37 and 38: Paltan Ghar House of Warrior PALTAN
Page 39 and 40: Low height partitions host horizont
Page 41: The inner chowks are degraded with
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Page 47 and 48: 5 In your view what are the lessons
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Page 53 and 54: Multi-disciplinary archaeological i
Page 55 and 56: The archaeological component of the
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Page 59 and 60: Concept Board, an Induction Program
Page 61 and 62: Walking to Basantapur always brings
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