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• A component can contain multiple public activatable classes as well as additional classes that are internal only. All public classes must reside in the same root namespace, which has the same name as the component metadata file. • By default, all public classes in a component are visible to all other languages. A class can be hidden from JavaScript by applying the WebHostHiddenAttribute (that is, prefix the class declaration with [Windows.Foundation.Metadata.WebHostHidden] in C# or [Windows::Foundation::Metadata::WebHostHidden] in C++. This is appropriate for classes that work with UI (that cannot be shared with JavaScript, such as the whole of the Windows.Xaml namespace in WinRT) or others that are redundant with JavaScript instrinsics (such as Windows.Data.Json). • For some additional structural options, see the following samples in the Windows SDK (all of which use the WRL; see “Sidebar: The Windows Runtime C++ Template Library” under “Quickstart #2”): • Creating a Windows Runtime in-process component sample (C++/CX) • Creating a Windows Runtime in-process component sample (C#) • Creating a Windows Runtime EXE component with C++ sample • Creating a Windows Runtime DLL component with C++ sample Types • Within a component, you can use native language types (that is, .NET types and C++ runtime types). At the level of the component interface (the Application Binary Interface, or ABI), you must use WinRT types or native types that are actually implemented with WinRT types. Otherwise those values cannot be projected into other languages. In C++, WinRT types exist in the Platform namespace, and see Type System (C++/CX); in C#/VB, they exist in the System namespace, and see .NET Framework mappings of Windows Runtime types. • A component can use structures created with WinRT types, which are projected into JavaScript as objects with properties that match the struct members. • Collections must use specific WinRT types found in Windows.Foundation.Collections, such as IVector, IMap (and IMapView), and IPropertySet. This is why we’ve often encountered vectors throughout this book. • Arrays are a special consideration because they can be passed only in one direction as we saw in the quickstarts; each must therefore be marked as read-only or write-only. See Passing arrays to a Windows Runtime component. Arrays also have a limitation in that they cannot be effectively used with async methods, because an output array will not be transferred back to the caller when the async operation is complete. We’ll talk more of this in “Implementing Asynchronous Methods” below. 732
Component Implementation • When creating method overloads, make sure the arity (the number of arguments) is different for each one because JavaScript cannot resolve overloads only by type. If you do create multiple overloads with the same arity, one of them must be marked with the DefaultOverloadAttribute so that the JavaScript projection knows which one to use. • A delegate (an anonymous function in JavaScript parlance) is a function object. Delegates are used for events, callbacks, and asynchronous methods. Declaring a delegate defines a function signature. • The event keyword marks a public member of a specific delegate type as an event. Event delegates—the signature for a handler—can be typed (that is, EventHandler), which means that the eventArgs to that handler will be an object of that type. Do note that typed event handlers like this, to support projection into JavaScript, require a COM proxy/stub implementation; see the four samples linked to above in the “Component Structure” section. Also see the topic Custom events and event accessors in Windows Runtime Components for .NET languages. • Throwing exception: use the throw keyword in C#, VB, and C++. In C#/VB, you throw a new instance of an exception type in the System namespace. In C++, you use throw ref new with one of the exception types within the Platform namespace, such as Platform::InvalidArgumentException. These appear in JavaScript with a stack trace in the message field of the exception; the actual message from the component will appear in Visual Studio’s exception dialog. Implementing Asynchronous Methods For as fast as the C# and C++ routines that we saw in the quickstarts might be, fact of the matter is that they still take more than 50ms to complete while running on the UI thread. This is the recommended threshold at which you should consider making an operation asynchronous. This means running that code on other threads such that the UI thread isn’t blocked at all. To see the basics, the following sections show how to implement asynchronous versions of the simple countFromZero function we saw earlier in the “Sidebar: Managed vs. Native” section. We’ll do it first with a worker and then in C# and C++. For C#/VB and C++ there is quite extensive documentation on creating async methods. The cookbook topics we’ve referred to already cover this in the subsections called Asynchronous operations and Exposing asynchronous operations for C#, and the “Adding asynchronous public methods to the class” section in the C++ walkthrough. There is also Creating Asynchronous Operations in C++ for Windows Store apps, along with a series of comprehensive posts on the Windows 8 Developer Blog covering both app and component sides of the story: Keeping apps fast and fluid with asynchrony in the Windows Runtime, Diving Deep with Await and WinRT, and Exposing .NET tasks as WinRT asynchronous operations. Matching the depth of these topics would be a pointless exercise in 733
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Table of Contents Introduction ....
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WinJS Tools for Pages and Page Navi
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Chapter 6: Layout .................
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Design Guidelines for Settings ....
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Manipulating Audio and Video ......
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Managing Secondary Tiles ..........
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The User Profile (and the Lock Scre
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The Windows Store APIs ............
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Introduction Welcome, my friends, t
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I'm also assuming that your interes
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Acknowledgements In many ways, this
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Support for developers, however, ca
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technologies, including DirectX, XA
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The upload process will walk you th
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FIGURE 1-2 A typical app page in th
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do this, I’m sure!). In a hotel,
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The app host is more or less Intern
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Sidebar: Mixed Language Apps Window
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When snapped, on the other hand, ap
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Capability Description Prompts for
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Taking a Break, Getting Some Rest:
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So you might say, “Well, I should
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that the user has to configure the
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Fortunately, the Windows Store dash
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graphics called for in the design s
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4. After Visual Studio churns for a
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Add-AppxDevPackage. That batch file
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package, whereas a single / refers
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QuickStart #1: Here My Am! and an I
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FIGURE 2-8 Snapped wireframe (left;
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which we’ll instantiate a Bing ma
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orientation, screen resolution, and
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FIGURE 2-12 Full-screen landscape v
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What this means is that, for the mo
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Create the map (though the namespac
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Next, in the second parameter to po
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FIGURE 2-17 Setting the Location ca
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Here we’re providing capturePhoto
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the contract is an abstraction that
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Extra Credit: Receiving Messages fr
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Note that such apps might not be ab
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Chapter 3 App Anatomy and Page Navi
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content and controls from web servi
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Such capabilities are blocked becau
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Can you do any kind of dynamic page
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appdata. This happens via Windows.S
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I don’t know about you, but I rea
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telling you to not use it! After al
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App Activation First, let me congra
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In the table, note that 80% scale t
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Activation Code Paths As we saw in
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splashScreen SplashScreen Contains
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In truth, so long as the user keeps
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Of course, setPromise ultimately do
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previousExecutionState values are d
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object to which you can add whateve
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Because we stored lastPosition in s
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FIGURE 3-9 The output of the Simple
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What about launching from the previ
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For all other details on this funct
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The Navigation App Template, PageCo
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(function () { "use strict"; WinJS.
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}, ); if (that.pageElement.winContr
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Sidebar: Helping Out IntelliSense I
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thousands of items, where tapping a
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Completing the Promises Story Whew!
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mechanism on top of singular XHR op
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The story of controls in Windows 8
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Creating or instantiating HTML cont
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Hyperlink href, target Link text L
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defined as part of the WinJS.UI nam
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Clearly, then, the bulk of the work
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var element = document.getElementBy
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This example is taken directly from
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FIGURE 4-7 Expanding a WinJS contro
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Flexbox -ms-[inline-]flexbox (value
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Note Though not shown here, you can
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For the ToggleSwitch, win-* classes
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• If a WinJS.UI.Tooltip is gettin
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Custom Control Examples To see thes
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Between calendar.js and calendar.cs
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]]> Whe
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This would be appropriate if you cr
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Two-way: essentially one-way bindin
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The code for this can be found in T
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Sidebar: Data-Binding Properties of
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Implementing Two-Way Binding To imp
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• oneTime A function that just lo
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• Windows 8 apps have rich stylin
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Collection Control Basics To seek t
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indingList: bindingList, array: arr
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Now while the ListView control in S
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The header template in html/scenari
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In the modified sample I changed na
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} return groupCompareGlobalized(lef
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a function instead of a declarative
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var list = new WinJS.Binding.List()
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data-win-options="{ itemDataSource:
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e used anywhere it’s appropriate,
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If you were to provide your own nav
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sample code in this chapter’s com
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Because of data binding, changes to
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What is does have, however, is this
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What you then do inside the element
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• The groups themselves are all s
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and the current viewable area. Thou
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Styling Following the precedent of
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Technically speaking, the layout pr
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or you can set layout.groupInfo fro
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Using the first item’s dimension
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You can set a breakpoint in this fu
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Incremental Loading Apart from pote
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The yellow bars indicate execution
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If it’s not provided (as when the
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During initialization (outside the
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Chapter 6 Layout Compared to other
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that appear when needed through app
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Within the body of content, then, W
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} -ms-grid-columns: 120px 2fr 80px
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-ms-scroll-snap-x Shorthand to comb
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WinRT: filled -ms-view-state: fille
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Handling View States As I just ment
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var mql = window.matchMedia("(-ms-v
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individual items in snapped view. B
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FIGURE 6-5 Options for display size
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If your developer sensibilities obj
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Content goes here This is really
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Such a layout is most easily achiev
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Because the specs themselves are st
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/* In CSS */ #divMain { width: 100%
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CSS styles that are supported for W
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Within the activated handler docume
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Multicolumn Elements and Regions Tr
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FIGURE 6-9 CSS region chains to flo
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Chapter 7 Commanding UI For consume
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• Commands that can’t be placed
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which provide many specifics on pla
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Tip To prevent the app bar from app
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This example doesn’t provide any
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var appbar = document.getElementByI
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• afterhide occurs immediately af
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This button’s click handler uses
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In the extraClass properties we’v
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To provide graphics of your own, do
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It should come as no surprise by
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Flyouts and Menus Going back to our
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are optional with show. (Note also
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function confirmOrder() { bought =
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The point of this last example is t
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Also, go into css/header-menu.c
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In the contextmenu handler menu.sho
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Scenario 3 is identical to Scenario
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The app bar now appears as follows,
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This message will appear if the use
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Chapter 8 State, Settings, Files, a
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while our permanent home was being
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• Account and profile configurati
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By the way, you might have some rea
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var localSettings = Windows.Storage
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It is also possible to migrate app
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Tip There are some file extensions
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Sidebar: Closing Streams vs. Closin
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Using App Data APIs for State Manag
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efore setting up new defaults. As m
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Roaming State The automatic roaming
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good idea to not be too aggressive
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Each app-supplied command can do on
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There are two ways to implement thi
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function helpCommandInvoked(e) { va
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Programmatically Invoking Settings
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Sidebar: Changes to Permissions A c
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Think about this for a moment (as I
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eturns an appropriate StorageFile o
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function pickSinglePhoto() { // Ver
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When picking multiple files, the re
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indicate a new filename in which to
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scenario oriented on the music libr
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A QueryOptions is generally created
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The setPropertyPrefetch method goes
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What We’ve Just Learned • State
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Chapter 9 Input and Sensors Touch i
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• Second, when you need to handle
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One or more fingers touch the scree
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You might notice a conspicuous abse
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Note that this method has no effect
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• TouchCapabilities Properties ar
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Tip Pointer events won’t fire if
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Properties Description currentPoint
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The first step to receiving gesture
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• MSGestureHold occurs when MSPoi
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FIGURE 9-3 A conceptual representat
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FIGURE 9-4 The Input Instantiable G
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obviously a specific deceleration m
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• Process keydown, keyup, and key
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For passwords you get a key to hide
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keyboard sample. 50 Adding listener
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Standard Keystrokes The last piece
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FIGURE 9-9 The Input Ink sample wit
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(string), and timestamp (Date) prop
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Like all other WinRT APIs, however,
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Here’s an example of such code fr
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Chapter 10 Media To say that media
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movie.controls = true; document.get
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declared inline, created dynamicall
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} document.getElementById("r").styl
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function onImageError(source) { sou
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• By copying pixel data from a vi
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It’s also helpful to understand t
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Video Element Extension APIs Beyond
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vid.msInsertVideoEffect("GrayscaleT
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elements with the same source. The
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in the background. As a developer,
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function soundLevelChanged() { //Ca
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Playing Sequential Audio An app tha
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need to bypass the audio element an
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To guarantee the ordering we use Pr
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Thumbnails First, StorageFile.getTh
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or combination of System.GPS.Longit
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} return degrees + "°" + minutes +
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Most of the displayImageUI function
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provides a specific BitmapEncoder i
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method can be called only once and
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Transcoding and Custom Image Format
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Transcoding happens either from one
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In Scenario 2, the sample always us
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Media Capture There are times when
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ecordLimitationExceeded Fired when
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} captureInitSettings.videoDeviceId
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} // Add the devices to deviceList
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Streaming from a Server and Digital
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Here’s how such apps generally wo
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Next you’ll want to wire up handl
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• WinRT provides a rich API for m
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necessary. In this way, excessive a
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The Control Panel setting can be ob
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screen; the Panel animations are fo
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want to chain or synchronize animat
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Create addToList animation. var add
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CSS Animations and Transitions As n
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Animations work in an opposite mann
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Keyframes, while typically defined
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FIGURE 11-2 Output of Scenario 3 of
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What’s more, requestAnimationFram
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Still, 20% is a lot of CPU power to
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Chapter 12 Contracts Recently I dis
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File activation (file type associat
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more specific. For instance, when a
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var dataPackageTitle = document.get
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The other interesting part of Scena
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When sharing an image, don't forget
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FIGURE 12-3 The Share content targe
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• Acknowledge user actions when y
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The key here is the args.detail.sha
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target app. If you’re using image
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FIGURE 12-7 Controls to create a qu
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The question is how to wire up comm
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The Search contract that makes this
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FIGURE 12-11 The Search declaration
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} } })); In the search activation p
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} }); Windows.ApplicationModel.Sear
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The request object also has a getDe
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Type to Search The final feature of
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egistered for that type, rather tha
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At the very bottom of this UI you c
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ecord a new sound. In such cases, h
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Activation of a File Picker Provide
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Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation
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A final note is that a file picker
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}; // Create a file to provide back
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The next step for the provider is t
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FIGURE 12-18 The provider sample’
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FIGURE 12-21 The provider sample’
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• If the UI status is visible, sw
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Just as the file picker contract al
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Using the Contact Picker Contacts a
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} } }); Contact Picker Providers On
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As you can see, the homeEmail field
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Chapter 13 Tiles, Notifications, th
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FIGURE 13-1 The typical default Sta
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Selecting an item on the Start scre
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In many ways, live tiles might redu
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toss up lots of superfluous toast,
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Yet Windows doesn’t want to force
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The third way an app can issue upda
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Providing both square and wide stat
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• arguments A string that’s pas
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function activated(eventObject) { i
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16 or fewer characters that is used
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Third, if you supply an image that
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arrive on a Windows 8 machine will
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The Notifications Extensions Librar
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The other bits of the manifest that
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In such cases it would be better to
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Windows.UI.Notifications.BadgeUpdat
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you’d use start time), or the pha
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Tip The tile and badge updaters are
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eturned from page requests, as we
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through the Web platform installer.
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Toast Notifications So far in this
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FIGURE 13-16 Issuing text toasts th
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supports addImageQuery for scale, l
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A scheduled toast is created using
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To update a tile, set a badge, or i
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Your app should go through this sho
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matter of sending an XmlHttpRequest
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In the running app, the pushnotific
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Background Tasks and Lock Screen Ap
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FIGURE 13-18 The manifest editor fo
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In this code, the BackgroundTaskBui
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var internetCondition = new backgro
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The Background task sample provides
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Note Working with the lock screen i
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Debugging Background Tasks By this
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• Periodic updates for tiles and
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Network Information and Connectivit
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networkstatuschanged event that we
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Note Windows Store apps written in
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Programmatically, as noted before,
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Although this option will not set u
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hundred kilobytes—if you know fro
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Finally, avoid using XHR for large
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Starting a download transfer happen
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There is also a variation of create
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operations—it is possible to crea
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); "form-data", "------------------
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Basically, you would change the pol
Page 655 and 656:
Authentication, Credentials, and th
Page 657 and 658:
The result from pickAsync, as given
Page 659 and 660:
To clarify the relationship between
Page 661 and 662:
There is one subtle difference betw
Page 663 and 664:
Within the web authentication broke
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https://www.facebook.com/dialog/oau
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Single Sign On with Live Connect Be
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setAccountPicturesAsync (for provid
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And lastly it’s worth at least li
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} var scenario1Link = document.getE
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} return currentFeed.items[currentI
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When data arrives, the handler rece
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} // This is a helper function echo
Page 681 and 682: On the client side, StreamSocket ag
Page 683 and 684: And closing the socket in Scenario
Page 685 and 686: In the sample, we first create a Me
Page 687 and 688: } try { var size = dataWriter.measu
Page 689 and 690: What We’ve Just Learned • Netwo
Page 691 and 692: • Connecting with devices in the
Page 693 and 694: The XInput and JavaScript controlle
Page 695 and 696: function renderLoop() { var state =
Page 697 and 698: FIGURE 15-3 Sample device enumerati
Page 699 and 700: The Removable Storage sample, in Sc
Page 701 and 702: • Communications are supported on
Page 703 and 704: Advertising a Connection Making you
Page 705 and 706: Tap to Connect and Tap to Activate
Page 707 and 708: On a simpler note, publishing a URI
Page 709 and 710: FIGURE 15-5 Scenario 2 of the Print
Page 711 and 712: Print Document Sources No matter wh
Page 713 and 714: If you don’t add a handler for th
Page 715 and 716: The final bit to mention in the cod
Page 717 and 718: Indeed, when we speak of mixed lang
Page 719 and 720: Again, components can also make use
Page 721 and 722: Sidebar: WinRT Components vs. Class
Page 723 and 724: Once you add the name of a class an
Page 725 and 726: With the basic mechanics worked out
Page 727 and 728: As we did with C#, let’s start by
Page 729 and 730: Comparing the Results The Image Man
Page 731: } return sum; Running a count with
Page 735 and 736: When this worker is started, the on
Page 737 and 738: FIGURE 16-4 A promise manages and i
Page 739 and 740: Note that Task.Run does not support
Page 741 and 742: As with C#, there are additional st
Page 743 and 744: public IAsyncOperation ConvertPixel
Page 745 and 746: method called ConvertGrayscalFileAs
Page 747 and 748: Event names, on the other hand, are
Page 749 and 750: One challenge, as we saw in the qui
Page 751 and 752: The Building your own Windows Runti
Page 753 and 754: • Check against an encrypted lice
Page 755 and 756: Chapter 17 Apps for Everyone: Acces
Page 757 and 758: Your App, Your Business If you chec
Page 759 and 760: FIGURE 17-1 Creating an app package
Page 761 and 762: desktop applications and distribute
Page 763 and 764: means is that if you want to promot
Page 765 and 766: You should also strongly consider m
Page 767 and 768: • In-app purchases through the Wi
Page 769 and 770: That said, WinRT provides for the f
Page 771 and 772: When your app accesses CurrentAppSi
Page 773 and 774: } }); currentApp.licenseInformation
Page 775 and 776: You won’t hit your breakpoint imm
Page 777 and 778: If you’re using a custom commerce
Page 779 and 780: You might have noticed that a Produ
Page 781 and 782: Id=\"e2a62d42-dbca-43d2-b779-66eb91
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The latter two we’ve already cove
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• aria-label Directly provides te
Page 787 and 788:
Apart from the small bits of code i
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control sample, and switch between
Page 791 and 792:
Scenario 2 shows similar effects wi
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Canvas a better choice? To this poi
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one resource. For a few examples of
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addition of new string and image re
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FIGURE 17-9 Control panel dialogs f
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Formatting Culture-Specific Data an
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Sorting and Grouping Just as a worl
Page 805 and 806:
With images, you can reverse them w
Page 807 and 808:
Note CSS files can contain string l
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Manifest: Let’s turn now to the m
Page 811 and 812:
Other affected files in this app in
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Sidebar: String Resources in Settin
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the folder name itself doesn’t us
Page 817 and 818:
If you like, you can just send your
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FIGURE 17-11 The Multilingual App T
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Second, the Toolkit will detect if
Page 823 and 824:
Localization Wrap-Up Well, we’re
Page 825 and 826:
Let me say that again: all of this
Page 827 and 828:
Onboarding and Working through Reje
Page 829 and 830:
Connecting Your Website If you have
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What We’ve Just Learned • An ap
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What do you think of this book? We
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