low

Monitoring of
IOR/EOR Projects
Monitoring of reservoir production and injection has been recently considered as
one of the main legs of IOR/EOR programs. This is being included as the vital step to
increase the chance of success. It is normally accepted that the reservoir recovery
factor decreases by increasing the reservoir complexity. However, by utilising
comprehensive monitoring programs, reservoir complexity will be understood in
detail that would result on keeping the recovery factor on the complex reservoirs
as high as simple reservoirs. Without monitoring program, the fate of injected
material is unknown and there is a risk of injected material (e.g., CO 2
, Methane,
Polymer, Modified water) to be migrated to another layer that would be ended
up with no or minor impact on production. Another major risk of injection is early
breakthrough of gas or water. To prevent this, variety of monitoring programs
have been employed by international oil and gas companies such as 4D seismic,
repeated production and petrophysical logs, chemical tracers, and etc. The main
objective of these methods are to detect the saturation and pressure fronts,
connectivity between reservoir geobodies and fault blocks, producing intervals
and finally fluid flow and communication between different wells. Repeated logs
would provide high resolution information about production intervals inside the
Wells, especially for mature fields which present several challenges related to
the changes in fluids saturation, connectivity of reservoir layers and fluid contact
movement. Tracer technology has increasingly been used as one of the effective
tools in the reservoir monitoring and surveillance. This technique is known as one
of the enabling technologies that can be deployed to investigate reservoir flow
performance, reservoir connectivity, residual oil saturation and reservoir properties
that control displacement processes, particularly in IOR/EOR operations. Time-
Lapse seismic or four Dimensional seismic (4D) affords the saturation and pressure
front between the wells, in another word, this technique provide the subsurface
image in 3 dimensional and through the time. By identifying the fluid flow and
communication between different wells and different segments of a particular
reservoir, 4D seismic would assist the reservoir management team to optimise their
IOR/EOR projects. All of mentioned monitoring techniques offer some solutions
from different point of view, thus, the major oil and gas companies are typically
design a monitoring program that includes variety of monitoring techniques.
Due to the fact that the cost and application of these techniques are different
in different reservoirs, there is a need to design the most effective monitoring
program to answer to the challenges of a particular field, and at the same time
to be cost effective. In this chapter, a brief introduction supported by some case
studies are being individually discussed for different monitoring programs.
How Can 4D Seismic Assist
to Monitor the IOR/EOR
Projects?
Role of Petrophysical Data
in Reservoir Monitoring and
Management
Characterize Your Reservoirs
through Application of
Chemical Tracer Technologies