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SciPy Reference Guide, Release 0.8.dev ber_zeros(nt) Compute nt zeros of the kelvin function ber x bei_zeros(nt) Compute nt zeros of the kelvin function bei x berp_zeros(nt) Compute nt zeros of the kelvin function ber’ x beip_zeros(nt) Compute nt zeros of the kelvin function bei’ x ker_zeros(nt) Compute nt zeros of the kelvin function ker x kei_zeros(nt) Compute nt zeros of the kelvin function kei x kerp_zeros(nt) Compute nt zeros of the kelvin function ker’ x keip_zeros(nt) Compute nt zeros of the kelvin function kei’ x Other Special Functions expn(x1) y=expn(n,x) returns the exponential integral for integer n and exp1() y=exp1(z) returns the exponential integral (n=1) of complex argument expi() y=expi(x) returns an exponential integral of argument x defined as wofz() y=wofz(z) returns the value of the fadeeva function for complex argument dawsn() y=dawsn(x) returns dawson’s integral: exp(-x**2) * shichi(out1) (shi,chi)=shichi(x) returns the hyperbolic sine and cosine integrals: sici(out1) (si,ci)=sici(x) returns in si the integral of the sinc function from 0 to x: spence() y=spence(x) returns the dilogarithm integral: -integral(log t / lambertw(z[, k, tol]) Lambert W function. zeta(x1) y=zeta(x,q) returns the Riemann zeta function of two arguments: zetac() y=zetac(x) returns 1.0 - the Riemann zeta function: sum(k**(-x), k=2..inf) expn y=expn(n,x) returns the exponential integral for integer n and non-negative x and n: integral(exp(-x*t) / t**n, t=1..inf). exp1 y=exp1(z) returns the exponential integral (n=1) of complex argument z: integral(exp(-z*t)/t,t=1..inf). expi y=expi(x) returns an exponential integral of argument x defined as integral(exp(t)/t,t=-inf..x). See expn for a different exponential integral. wofz y=wofz(z) returns the value of the fadeeva function for complex argument z: exp(-z**2)*erfc(-i*z) dawsn y=dawsn(x) returns dawson’s integral: exp(-x**2) * integral(exp(t**2),t=0..x). shichi (shi,chi)=shichi(x) returns the hyperbolic sine and cosine integrals: integral(sinh(t)/t,t=0..x) and eul + ln x + integral((cosh(t)-1)/t,t=0..x) where eul is Euler’s Constant. 444 Chapter 3. Reference
SciPy Reference Guide, Release 0.8.dev sici (si,ci)=sici(x) returns in si the integral of the sinc function from 0 to x: integral(sin(t)/t,t=0..x). It returns in ci the cosine integral: eul + ln x + integral((cos(t) - 1)/t,t=0..x). spence y=spence(x) returns the dilogarithm integral: -integral(log t / (t-1),t=1..x) lambertw(z, k=0, tol=1e-8) Lambert W function. The Lambert W function W(z) is defined as the inverse function of w exp(w). In other words, the value of W (z) is such that z = W (z) exp(W (z)) for any complex number z. The Lambert W function is a multivalued function with infinitely many branches. Each branch gives a separate solution of the equation w exp(w). Here, the branches are indexed by the integer k. Notes Parameters z : array_like Input argument k : integer, optional tol : float Branch index Evaluation tolerance All branches are supported by lambertw: •lambertw(z) gives the principal solution (branch 0) •lambertw(z, k) gives the solution on branch k The Lambert W function has two partially real branches: the principal branch (k = 0) is real for real z > -1/e, and the k = -1 branch is real for -1/e . All branches except k = 0 have a logarithmic singularity at z = 0. Possible issues The evaluation can become inaccurate very close to the branch point at -1/e. In some corner cases, lambertw might currently fail to converge, or can end up on the wrong branch. Algorithm Halley’s iteration is used to invert w exp(w), using a first-order asymptotic approximation (O(log(w)) or O(w)) as the initial estimate. The definition, implementation and choice of branches is based on Corless et al, “On the Lambert W function”, Adv. Comp. Math. 5 (1996) 329-359, available online here: http://www.apmaths.uwo.ca/~djeffrey/Offprints/Wadv-cm.pdf TODO: use a series expansion when extremely close to the branch point at -1/e and make sure that the proper branch is chosen there Examples The Lambert W function is the inverse of w exp(w): >>> from <strong>scipy</strong>.special import lambertw >>> w = lambertw(1) >>> w 3.17. Special functions (<strong>scipy</strong>.special) 445
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