Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW

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REFERENCES 1. NOGA M., STAWICKA M. K., 2008: Co decyduje o konkurencyjno�ci polskiej gospodarki?, Wyd. CeDeWu Sp. z o.o.; 2. OLCZYK M., 2008: Konkurencyjno�� – teoria i praktyka, Wyd. CeDeWu, Warszawa; 3. SZCZAWI�SKI M., 2006: Analiza wieloczynnikowa konkurencyjno�ci przemys�u drzewnego na rynku Unii Europejskiej, Intercathedra No22, Pozna�, pp. 153-155; 4. WZI�TEK-KUBIAK A., 2003: Konkurencyjno�� polskiego przemys�u, Dom wydawniczy Bellona, Warszawa; 5. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statistics/themes 6. http://www.oecd.org/statsportal/0,3352,en_2825_293564_1_1_1_1_1,00.html Streszczenie: Analiza konkurencyjno�ci przemys�u drzewnego w wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej.W niniejszej pracy podj�ta zosta�a próba analizy konkurencyjno�ci wybranych krajów Unii Europejskiej. W analizie konkurencyjno�ci wykorzystane zosta�y g�ówne mierniki konkurencyjno�ci, wykorzystuj�ce g�ównie wielko�ci dotycz�ce importu i eksportu produktów drzewnych. Analiza wyników, zw�aszcza w d�ugim okresie, mo�e dostarczy� wielu u�ytecznych informacji na temat stanu sektora przemys�u drzewnego i jego pozycji konkurencyjnej w stosunku do innych krajów. Corresponding authors: Justyna Biernacka Department of Technology, Organisation and Management in Wood Industry, Faculty of Wood Technology, Warsaw Agricultural University (SGGW) 02-787 Warsaw, ul. Nowoursynowska 166 e-mail address: justyna_biernacka@sggw.pl Ing. Mariana Sedlia�iková, PhD. Department of Business Economics Faculty of Wood Science and Technology Technical University in Zvolen T. G. Masaryka 24 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia e-mail address: sedliacikova@vsld.tuzvo.sk
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Forestry and Wood Technology No 71, 2010: 37-41 (Ann. WULS - SGGW, For. and Wood Technol.,71, 2010) Stress concentration factors of an anisotropic elastic plate with an elliptical hole FERDINAND BODNÁR 1) , MAREK JAB�O�SKI 2) 1) Department of Mechanics and Engineering, Technical University in Zvolen, Slovakia 2) Faculty of Wood Technology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Abstract: Stress concentration factors of an anisotropic elastic plate with an elliptical hole. The analytical solution of stresses around the elliptical hole boundary in two-dimensional orthotropic linear elastic plate is presented here. The orthotropic plate with the elliptical hole is subjected to an uniaxial inplane tension or pressure loading at infinity. The aim is to know the influence of the elliptical hole shape and of the principal directions of elasticity on concentration of stresses. Realised computations of stresses on the hole boundary and of the stress concentration factor are based on the linear theory of anisotropic bodies with using of a Stroh formalism. This solution enables to discover influence of the one of three main factors of stress concentration, viz. material properties, hole geometry and loading conditions. Keywords: Stress concentration, elliptical hole, anisotropic plate, Stroh formalism. INTRODUCTION It is well known that holes cause serious problems of stress concentrations due to the geometry discontinuity. These problems are even more serious in structures of materials with anisotropic behaviour. In order to predict the structural behaviour of these structures a detailed study of effect of hole geometry on stress distribution around the hole is necessary. Analytical solutions are available in the literature with different degree of mathematical complexity. Lechnickij [2] gave solutions for stress around different shapes of holes using series method. Savin’s approach [3] by conformal mapping and Schwartz formula is much simpler. Analytical calculation of stress concentrations in plane with infinite dimensions under mechanical loads have been performed by many authors mainly using the methods of complex valued stress functions and conformal mappings. Ukadgaonker and Rao [7] adapted Savin’s formulation to get general solution for inplane loading problem. A general solution is developed by introducing a general form of mapping function and an arbitrary biaxial loading condition into the boundary conditions. It is known that Stroh formalism is mathematically elegant and technically powerful in determining the two-dimensional deformations of anisotropic elastic solids [5], [6]. Here the Stroh formalism of plane strain elasticity is used for calculation of stress concentration around elliptical hole in anisotropic plate because the elliptic hole problem is the basis of a crack problem in elastic analysis. To denote the highest stress caused by the hole, the stress concentration factor (SCF) is used and defined to be the maximum stress at the hole boundary divided by the remote uniform stress. The effect of material properties on stress distribution around the hole was not studied here. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND For a two-dimensional anisotropic linear elastic medium, the basic equations of straindisplacement, stresss-strain and equilibrium may be written as 37
Page 1 and 2: Contents: Annals of Warsaw Universi
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Page 5 and 6: JANDA�KA JOZEF, NOSEK RADOVAN, PA
Page 7 and 8: KUROWSKA AGNIESZKA, KOZAKIEWICZ PAW
Page 9 and 10: Annals of Warsaw University of Life
Page 11 and 12: Conditions of FT-IR analysis and de
Page 13 and 14: 8. D. KRUTUL, Charakterystyka celul
Page 15 and 16: Structural formulas of antioxidants
Page 17 and 18: In Fig. 2, 3, 4 relationship betwee
Page 19 and 20: 2. Results obtained for cellulose w
Page 21 and 22: of the panels from fibrous chips su
Page 23 and 24: Streszczenie: Mo�liwo�ci oraz o
Page 25 and 26: �� 0,011
Page 27 and 28: 2. ��
Page 29 and 30: compared to previous year reached o
Page 33 and 34: Table 1. Wood and wood and cork pro
Page 35: Analysis of the results of table 4
Page 39 and 40: and the angle � is directed count
Page 41 and 42: Streszczenie: Rozk�ad napr��e
Page 43 and 44: 5. ��
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Page 47 and 48: Annals of Warsaw University of Live
Page 49 and 50: The first ageing cycles had the big
Page 53 and 54: observatuion (R 2 = 0,9882 for bioc
Page 55 and 56: 13. SELKE S E and WACHMAN I (2004):
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Veneers’ preservation va
Page 59 and 60: Shear strength [N/mm 2 ] 3,5 3,0 2,
Page 61 and 62: 7. JAB�O�SKI M., OSIPIUK J., DO
Page 63 and 64: Table 1. Board manufacturing parame
Page 65 and 66: Analyzing the thickness swelling an
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Page 71 and 72: kc specific surface cutting resista
Page 73 and 74: � y �� S t �t 0 R � S
Page 77 and 78: Camera Target Beam divider Light so
Page 81 and 82: evaluation of rigidity. However, af
Page 85 and 86: Table 2. The influence of density o
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Annals of Warsaw University of Life
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Fig.2. Wear curves for tool 1 and 2
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korelacyjne mi�dzy parami czynnik
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RESULTS The changes in pressing par
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The obtained IB and thickness swell
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Norway spruce Tab. 2 Physical and a
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��
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Acknowledgement: This work was supp
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12 � 6150, 6 � p ��
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Acknowledgement: This work was supp
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MAGNETISCHE SÄGEBLATTFÜHUNG; THEO
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3. DIETZ H., 2003: Der Markt verlan
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Nach Sturm [1738] Tab. XXXIII. biß
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hat. Je grösser nun der Radius, di
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gerichtet und von einem Ort an den
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man den Schlitten nicht also zurich
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dieses ist der rechte Preiß, wodur
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Sk�adamy serdeczne podzi�kowani
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MATERIALS AND METHODS For mutual co
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height. However, it is positive and
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Dust particles contents [pcs./m 3 ]
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Streszczenie: Wst�pne badania prz
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Fig. 2. Surface of filtering bag; A
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CONCLUSION On the ground of receive
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Mass share [%] 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4
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REFERENCES [1] S. DOLNY, 1999, Tran
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the ability to achieve the desired
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Final evaluation of the economic ef
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yield % 45 38 31 24 17 10 1 2 3 4 5
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CONCLUSIONS - Cellulose with the op
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with a silica sol in the manufactur
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Values of fm and Em obtained for pl
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The experimental plywood was made f
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not exceed 50 per cent. However, si
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19 and 16 s/mm board thickness, pre
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the amount of PMDI introduced to ur
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Undoubtedly strength of low-density
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earing particleboards (type P4). Th
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The influence of ultrastructure of
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MFA [deg] MFA [deg] MFA [deg] 16 14
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and mean MFA, observed even in a sm
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Annals of Warsaw Agricultural Unive
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The virulence of strains of mould f
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7. Rep G., Pohleven F., Bucar B., 2
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during 14 or 20 minutes. After pres
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The influence of used adhesive on s
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In the third step we analyze result
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Fig. 5 The relation of power and de
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LITERATURE 1. GAFF, M. 2009: Analys
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- ��
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��. 2. ��
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a) Tensile modulus (MPa) c) Tensile
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causes the growth of impact strengt
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RESULTS AND DISCUSION The results o
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RESULTS AND DISCUSION Upper line Ca
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Basically, two main kinds of defect
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Characteristcs before any exposure
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time unit and temperature in specif
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temperature [C] 600,0 500,0 400,0 3
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of the samples showed particleboard
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Fig.6. ��
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elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rup
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ROZMAN H. D., AHMADHILMI K. R., ABU
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Oak (Quercus L.) • Ship building,
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Purple smoke bush (Cotinus coggygri
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From the measured lapses is seen su
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13. HORÁK, J. Vytáp�ní tuhými
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either heat conduction or by gravit
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To transform heat into electricity
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Experimental production Each input
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1600 1550 1500 1450 1400 1350 1300
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Fig.5. Measured profiles of heat po
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Fig.2. The experimental boiler RESU
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Bed’, Presented at the Nordic Sem
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Discoloration analysis was based on
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Total color difference 14 12 10 8 6
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Annals of Warsaw University of Live
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climate (typical for the territory
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16. MATEJAK M., �WIETLICZNY M., 1
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temperature increase phase was 0.25
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Table 2. Color parameters of therma
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Fig. 3b. Specific emission CO2 for
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Fig. 5b. Specific emission CO2 for
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Fig. 3. Specific emission CO2 for p
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REFERENCES 1. BAYSAL E., YALINKILIC
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influence of thermal conduction in
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4. BRYDEN K.M., RAGLAND K.W., RUTLA
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In this study, experiments were car
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7. LEBECKI K., DYDUCH Z., FIBICH A.
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der thermoplastischen Kunststoffe i
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Bild 5. Quellung der OSB-Platte mod
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a) b) c) d) 311
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(2005) 63: 380-387 5. Marutzky R.:
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Before placing the samples in the g
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Ryc.1 Resistance to infestation of
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wearing. In interval angles of incl
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Fig. 4 Influence of wood sample’s
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The contribution was created during
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a woody plant on which a symmetrica
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strength were found at breast heigh
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also observed that the trend for wo
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Streszczenie: Biomechanika drzew so
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species, sites as well as age level
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Table 1 Correlation coefficients fo
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Streszczenie: Dynamika procesu twar
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RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The
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Time [s] 360 320 280 240 200 160 12
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Table 1. Results of coating assessm
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��, ��
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Despite methods of forest an farmin
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REFERENCES 1. Drozd L., Florek M.,
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Noise-elimination grooves demonstra
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the noise level of 85 dB. Already a
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These findings correspond well with
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The temperature conductivity coeffi
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Table 1. The linear regression equa
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c) conditioning over saturated MgCl
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5. KOHARA J., OKAMOTO H., 1955: Stu
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Bild. 2. Eine Kreissäge mit Handbe
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Bild 5. Eine kleine Maschine zum sc
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11. Der Ausschieb-Nagel, ist im Wag
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LITERATURVERZEICHNIS GOTTLIEB JÖCH
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und jeder bey gesagten Machinen vor
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Der nächste Künstler, der seine l
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Weiter gibt es Kopfzerbrechen und L
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Annals of Warsaw University if Life
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DISCUSSION Attention is paid to rel
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egzotycznym drewnem do polski s�
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Table 1. The species of wood constr
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ia�� jako deski wewn�trznej w
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at a distance of about 2m from the
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Fig.2. The modulus of elasticity vs
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10. KRAUSS A., FABISIAK E., SZYM�
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples were
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cellulose content/ % cellulose cont
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REFERENCES 1. ASH C. P. J., LEE D.
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high temperature. This parameter lo
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Results of investigations of the re
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Tabelle 2. Mittelwerte vom Elastizi
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meranti will not comply with the mi
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shear strength is density and moist
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g, so with given dimensions of heig
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Sztuki Akademii Sztuk Pi�knych w
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��. 1. ��
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��
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��. 1. ��-
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��.5. ��
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Streszczenie: Wp�yw w�a�ciwo
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EXPERIMENTS Preparation of the subs
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3. NEBIOGLU A., SOUCEK M.D., 2006:
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RESULTS Results of the adherence of
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Przemys�owe. Uszlachetnianie powi
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Table 1. Kind of cold liquids used
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It was stated, that on obtained res
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the chromatographic syringe in the
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CONCLUSIONS 1. On the basis of crit
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* * * �� xx � Q11 Q12
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Figure 3. Laminate deformations and
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RESULTS OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS For t
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Tab. 2.2. Results of numerical anal
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Mass spectrum Fig.2 Mass spectrum o
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Attempts to laboratory synthesis of
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O * O O * H O O O O * O O * + O O F
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Polydispersity, D 6 5 4 0 10 20 30
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Streszczenie: Termiczne i fotolityc
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It was stated that a single drop we
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Additionally, the highest content o
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��
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was observed only under specific ac
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6. SEDLIA�IK, J., ŠMIDRIAKOVÁ,
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were marked as MA, MO, BA, BO. Samp
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Fig.2. Microfungal growth of pine a
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paper and printing 18 957 18 611 30
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It is estimated that fulfilling the
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Bending strength of OSB Type of boa
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