Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW

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Streszczenie: Dwa specjalne urz�dzenia do suszenia drewna energi� elektromagnetyczn� wysokiej cz�stotliwo�ci. Pierwsza z suszarek, przeznaczona dla meblarstwa, s�u�y do suszenia tarcicy o d�ugo�ci do 3 metrów, druga, przeznaczona do zak�adu produkuj�cego domy drewniane, do belek i k�ód o d�ugo�ci do 6 metrów. Obie suszarki zu�ywaj� minimalne ilo�ci energii konieczne do wysuszenia drewna do wymaganego poziomu. Deski dla meblarstwa musz� mie� oko�o 6% wilgotno�ci, belki i k�ody do domów drewnianych oko�o 15%. W trakcie sszenia k�ód oraz belek wilgo� z wn�trza drewna jako woda oraz para wydostaje si� z czó� materia�u. Zastosowano wielokana�owy programowalny kontroler Zelio Logic. Corresponding authors: prof. Bombin A.M. Voronezh State Academy of Forestry Engineering, Timiryazev St., 8, Voronezh 394087, Russia, e-mail chem@vglta.vrn.ru Mordvinov P.S. Russian State Commercial and Economic University, Fr. Engelsa St., 2-18, Voronezh 394000, Russia, e-mail chem@vglta.vrn.ru
Annals of Warsaw University of Live Sciences – SGGW Forestry and Wood Technology No 71, 2010: 47-50 (Ann. WULS-SGGW, For. And Wood Technol., 71, 2010) Influence of the accelerated ageing red oak wood (Quercus rubra L.) on compressive strength along the fibers EMILIAN BORATY�SKI, AGNIESZKA JANKOWSKA, MAGDALENA SZCZ�SNA Department of Wood Science and Wood Protection, Warsaw University of Live Science - SGGW Abstract: Because of the length of a natural process of ageing of wood, the investigation on ageing wood and its results are carried out using methods simulating weather conditions. Influence of the accelerated ageing on wood properties is not known well. The information about this need to be completed. The subject of research was northern red oak wood (Quercus rubra L.). As a result of research, it was proved that artificial ageing of wood causes the change in wood appearance, fall in its density and compression along the fibers. Key words: red oak, accelerated ageing of wood, wood durability. INTRODUCTION As the years pass, wood undergoes a gradual degradation as a result of influence of external factors, both biotic and abiotic ones. The influence of these factors results in a loss of initial properties of wood. Due to slowness of the process, examination ageing of wood and consequences of it is difficult. Substantial changes often appear in real terms of using wood after a lot of years (Kozakiewicz and Matejak 2006). From this reason, various methods of accelerated ageing were drew up in laboratories, simulating natural influence of weather conditions, eg. defined in PN-EN 335-1, to determine changes occurring in wood. These methods differ between themselves in the order and intensity of the effect of individual factors of the decline (Heli�ska-Raczkowska and Raczkowski 1971, Matejak and �wietliczny 1977; Kami�ski, Matejak and Popowska 1982; Matejak, Popowska and Rabiej 1983; Krzosek and Starecka 1996; Kozakiewicz K. and Matejak 1998). One of the methods, described by Matejak, Popowska and Szejka (1983), consisted in wood drying in temperature of 70 °C during 8 hours and soaking in water in room temperature during 16 hours. According to the authors, approximately 11 cycles (one cycle of ageing takes 24 hour) correspond to a yearly response of wood in external conditions in moderate climate. Tests of artificial ageing was conducted on pine, oak and beech wood have demonstrated that a decrease in compressive strength along the fibres with respect to one ageing cycle tends to be slower with a growing number of completed ageing cycles. So far for, research on the influence of the accelerated ageing was made on the popular species of wood from Europe. In relation to opening branches of the wood industry and the acting shortage of wood, it is necessary to undertake the research on processes occurring during the precipitated atmospheric corrosion and other grades of wood. The aim of this work was determine changes (compressive strength along the fibres) occurring in red oak wood (Quercus rubra L.). The knowledge acquired in this respect is gaining the more and more great practical significance. MATERIAL AND METHODS At assuming the lack of influences of biotic factors, a simplified method was applied simulating real terms of the work of wood outside drawn up through Matejak, Popowska and Szejka (1983). 110 artificial ageing cycles (corresponding with ageing in open air for ten years in the temperate climate typical of the area of Poland) were conducted in total. 47
Page 1 and 2: Contents: Annals of Warsaw Universi
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Page 5 and 6: JANDA�KA JOZEF, NOSEK RADOVAN, PA
Page 7 and 8: KUROWSKA AGNIESZKA, KOZAKIEWICZ PAW
Page 9 and 10: Annals of Warsaw University of Life
Page 11 and 12: Conditions of FT-IR analysis and de
Page 13 and 14: 8. D. KRUTUL, Charakterystyka celul
Page 15 and 16: Structural formulas of antioxidants
Page 17 and 18: In Fig. 2, 3, 4 relationship betwee
Page 19 and 20: 2. Results obtained for cellulose w
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Page 23 and 24: Streszczenie: Mo�liwo�ci oraz o
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Page 29 and 30: compared to previous year reached o
Page 33 and 34: Table 1. Wood and wood and cork pro
Page 35 and 36: Analysis of the results of table 4
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Page 41 and 42: Streszczenie: Rozk�ad napr��e
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Page 49 and 50: The first ageing cycles had the big
Page 53 and 54: observatuion (R 2 = 0,9882 for bioc
Page 55 and 56: 13. SELKE S E and WACHMAN I (2004):
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Veneers’ preservation va
Page 59 and 60: Shear strength [N/mm 2 ] 3,5 3,0 2,
Page 61 and 62: 7. JAB�O�SKI M., OSIPIUK J., DO
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Page 65 and 66: Analyzing the thickness swelling an
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Page 85 and 86: Table 2. The influence of density o
Page 89 and 90: Fig.2. Wear curves for tool 1 and 2
Page 91 and 92: korelacyjne mi�dzy parami czynnik
Page 93 and 94: RESULTS The changes in pressing par
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Annals of Warsaw University of Life
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Norway spruce Tab. 2 Physical and a
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Acknowledgement: This work was supp
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12 � 6150, 6 � p ��
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Acknowledgement: This work was supp
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MAGNETISCHE SÄGEBLATTFÜHUNG; THEO
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3. DIETZ H., 2003: Der Markt verlan
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Nach Sturm [1738] Tab. XXXIII. biß
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hat. Je grösser nun der Radius, di
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gerichtet und von einem Ort an den
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man den Schlitten nicht also zurich
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dieses ist der rechte Preiß, wodur
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Sk�adamy serdeczne podzi�kowani
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MATERIALS AND METHODS For mutual co
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height. However, it is positive and
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Dust particles contents [pcs./m 3 ]
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Streszczenie: Wst�pne badania prz
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Fig. 2. Surface of filtering bag; A
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CONCLUSION On the ground of receive
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Mass share [%] 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4
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REFERENCES [1] S. DOLNY, 1999, Tran
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the ability to achieve the desired
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Final evaluation of the economic ef
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yield % 45 38 31 24 17 10 1 2 3 4 5
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CONCLUSIONS - Cellulose with the op
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with a silica sol in the manufactur
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Values of fm and Em obtained for pl
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The experimental plywood was made f
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not exceed 50 per cent. However, si
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19 and 16 s/mm board thickness, pre
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the amount of PMDI introduced to ur
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Undoubtedly strength of low-density
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earing particleboards (type P4). Th
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The influence of ultrastructure of
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MFA [deg] MFA [deg] MFA [deg] 16 14
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and mean MFA, observed even in a sm
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Annals of Warsaw Agricultural Unive
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The virulence of strains of mould f
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7. Rep G., Pohleven F., Bucar B., 2
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during 14 or 20 minutes. After pres
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The influence of used adhesive on s
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In the third step we analyze result
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Fig. 5 The relation of power and de
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LITERATURE 1. GAFF, M. 2009: Analys
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a) Tensile modulus (MPa) c) Tensile
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causes the growth of impact strengt
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RESULTS AND DISCUSION The results o
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RESULTS AND DISCUSION Upper line Ca
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Basically, two main kinds of defect
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Characteristcs before any exposure
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time unit and temperature in specif
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temperature [C] 600,0 500,0 400,0 3
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of the samples showed particleboard
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elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rup
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ROZMAN H. D., AHMADHILMI K. R., ABU
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Oak (Quercus L.) • Ship building,
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Purple smoke bush (Cotinus coggygri
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From the measured lapses is seen su
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13. HORÁK, J. Vytáp�ní tuhými
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either heat conduction or by gravit
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To transform heat into electricity
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Experimental production Each input
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1600 1550 1500 1450 1400 1350 1300
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Fig.5. Measured profiles of heat po
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Fig.2. The experimental boiler RESU
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Bed’, Presented at the Nordic Sem
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Discoloration analysis was based on
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Total color difference 14 12 10 8 6
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Annals of Warsaw University of Live
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climate (typical for the territory
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16. MATEJAK M., �WIETLICZNY M., 1
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temperature increase phase was 0.25
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Table 2. Color parameters of therma
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Fig. 3b. Specific emission CO2 for
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Fig. 5b. Specific emission CO2 for
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Fig. 3. Specific emission CO2 for p
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REFERENCES 1. BAYSAL E., YALINKILIC
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influence of thermal conduction in
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4. BRYDEN K.M., RAGLAND K.W., RUTLA
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In this study, experiments were car
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7. LEBECKI K., DYDUCH Z., FIBICH A.
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der thermoplastischen Kunststoffe i
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Bild 5. Quellung der OSB-Platte mod
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a) b) c) d) 311
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(2005) 63: 380-387 5. Marutzky R.:
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Before placing the samples in the g
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Ryc.1 Resistance to infestation of
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wearing. In interval angles of incl
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Fig. 4 Influence of wood sample’s
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The contribution was created during
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a woody plant on which a symmetrica
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strength were found at breast heigh
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also observed that the trend for wo
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Streszczenie: Biomechanika drzew so
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species, sites as well as age level
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Table 1 Correlation coefficients fo
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Streszczenie: Dynamika procesu twar
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RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The
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Time [s] 360 320 280 240 200 160 12
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Table 1. Results of coating assessm
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Despite methods of forest an farmin
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REFERENCES 1. Drozd L., Florek M.,
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Noise-elimination grooves demonstra
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the noise level of 85 dB. Already a
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These findings correspond well with
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The temperature conductivity coeffi
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Table 1. The linear regression equa
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c) conditioning over saturated MgCl
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5. KOHARA J., OKAMOTO H., 1955: Stu
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Bild. 2. Eine Kreissäge mit Handbe
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Bild 5. Eine kleine Maschine zum sc
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11. Der Ausschieb-Nagel, ist im Wag
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LITERATURVERZEICHNIS GOTTLIEB JÖCH
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und jeder bey gesagten Machinen vor
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Der nächste Künstler, der seine l
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Weiter gibt es Kopfzerbrechen und L
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Annals of Warsaw University if Life
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DISCUSSION Attention is paid to rel
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egzotycznym drewnem do polski s�
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Table 1. The species of wood constr
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ia�� jako deski wewn�trznej w
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at a distance of about 2m from the
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Fig.2. The modulus of elasticity vs
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10. KRAUSS A., FABISIAK E., SZYM�
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples were
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cellulose content/ % cellulose cont
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REFERENCES 1. ASH C. P. J., LEE D.
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high temperature. This parameter lo
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Results of investigations of the re
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Tabelle 2. Mittelwerte vom Elastizi
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meranti will not comply with the mi
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shear strength is density and moist
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g, so with given dimensions of heig
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Sztuki Akademii Sztuk Pi�knych w
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Streszczenie: Wp�yw w�a�ciwo
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EXPERIMENTS Preparation of the subs
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3. NEBIOGLU A., SOUCEK M.D., 2006:
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RESULTS Results of the adherence of
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Przemys�owe. Uszlachetnianie powi
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Table 1. Kind of cold liquids used
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It was stated, that on obtained res
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the chromatographic syringe in the
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CONCLUSIONS 1. On the basis of crit
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* * * �� xx � Q11 Q12
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Figure 3. Laminate deformations and
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RESULTS OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS For t
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Tab. 2.2. Results of numerical anal
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Mass spectrum Fig.2 Mass spectrum o
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Attempts to laboratory synthesis of
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O * O O * H O O O O * O O * + O O F
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Polydispersity, D 6 5 4 0 10 20 30
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Streszczenie: Termiczne i fotolityc
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It was stated that a single drop we
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Additionally, the highest content o
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��
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was observed only under specific ac
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6. SEDLIA�IK, J., ŠMIDRIAKOVÁ,
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were marked as MA, MO, BA, BO. Samp
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Fig.2. Microfungal growth of pine a
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paper and printing 18 957 18 611 30
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It is estimated that fulfilling the
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Bending strength of OSB Type of boa
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