International Cyber Terrorism

most smartphones (including Apple's iOS and Google's Android), as well as
other operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux.
For a global perspective of countries and other actors engaged in cyber warfare, see
the George Washington University-based National Security Archive's CyberWar map.
"Kill Switch Bill"
On 19 June 2010, United States Senator Joe Lieberman (I-CT) introduced a bill called
"Protecting Cyberspace as a National Asset Act of 2010", which he co-wrote with
Senator Susan Collins (R-ME) and Senator Thomas Carper (D-DE). If signed into law,
this controversial bill, which the American media dubbed the "Kill switch bill", would
grant the president emergency powers over parts of the Internet. However, all three coauthors
of the bill issued a statement that instead, the bill "[narrowed] existing broad
presidential authority to take over telecommunications networks".
Cyberpeace
The rise of cyber as a war-fighting domain has led to efforts to determine how
cyberspace can be used to foster peace. For example, the German civil rights
panel FIfF runs a campaign for cyber-peace − for the control of cyberweapons and
surveillance technology and against the militarization of cyberspace and the
development and stockpiling of offensive exploits and malware. Measures for cyberpeace
include policymakers developing new rules and norms for warfare, individuals
and organizations building new tools and secure infrastructures, promoting open
source, the establishment of cyber security centers, auditing of critical infrastructure
cyber-security, obligations to disclose vulnerabilities, disarmament, defensive security
strategies, decentralization, education and widely applying relevant tools and
infrastructures, encryption and other cyber-defenses.
The topics of cyber peacekeeping and cyber peacemaking have also been studied by
researchers, as a way to restore and strengthen peace in the aftermath of both cyber
and traditional warfare.
Cyber Counter-Intelligence
Cyber counter-intelligence are measures to identify, penetrate, or neutralize foreign
operations that use cyber means as the primary tradecraft methodology, as well as
foreign intelligence service collection efforts that use traditional methods to gauge cyber
capabilities and intentions.
• On 7 April 2009, The Pentagon announced they spent more than $100 million in
the last six months responding to and repairing damage from cyber attacks and
other computer network problems.
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