International Cyber Terrorism

Psychiatrist Viktor Frankl was likely the first to use of the term proactive in his 1946
book Man's Search for Meaning to distinguish the act of taking responsibility for one's
own circumstances rather than attributing one's condition to external factors.
Later in 1982, the United States Department of Defense (DoD) used "proactive" as a
contrary concept to "reactive" in assessing risk. In the framework of risk management
"proactive" meant taking initiative by acting rather than reacting to threat events.
Conversely "reactive" measures respond to a stimulus or past events rather than
predicting the event. Military science then and now considers defense as the science-art
of thwarting an attack. Furthermore, doctrine poses that if a party attacks an enemy who
is about to attack this could be called active-defense. Defense is also a euphemism for
war but does not carry the negative connotation of an offensive war. Usage in this way
has broadened the term to include most military issues including offensive, which is
implicitly referred to as active-defense.
Politically, the concept of national self-defense to counter a war of aggression refers to
a defensive war involving pre-emptive offensive strikes and is one possible criterion in
the 'Just War Theory'. Proactive defense has moved beyond theory. It has been put into
practice in theatres of operation.
In 1989 Stephen Covey's The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, published by
Free Press, transformed the meaning "to act before a situation becomes a source of
confrontation or crisis". Since then, "proactive" has been placed in opposition to the
words "reactive" or "passive".
Origins
Cyber is derived from "cybernetics", a word originally coined by a group of scientists led
by Norbert Wiener and made popular by Wiener's book of 1948, Cybernetics or Control
and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. Cyberspace typically refers to the
vast and growing logical domain composed of public and private networks;
independently managed networks linked together through the lingua franca of the
Internet, the Internet Protocol (IP). The definition of Cyberspace has been extended to
include all network-space which at some point, through some path, may have eventual
access to the public internet. Under this definition, cyberspace becomes virtually every
networked device in the world, which is not devoid of a network interface entirely. There
is no air-gap anymore between networks.
The origins of cyber defense undoubtedly evolved from the original purpose of the
Internet which was to harden military networks against the threat of a nuclear strike.
Later cyber defense was coveted by the tenets of information warfare and information
operations.
The rapid evolution of information warfare operations doctrine in the 1990s embraced a
proactive preemptive cyber defense strategy.
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