Inventions and Inventors Volume 1 - Online Public Access Catalog

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See also Cell phone; Long-distance telephone; Rotary dial telephone; Touch-tone telephone. Further Reading Telephone switching / 755 Briley, Bruce E. Introduction to Telephone Switching. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1983. Talley, David. Basic Electronic Switching for Telephone Systems. 2ded. Rochelle Park, N.J.: Hayden, 1982. Thompson, Richard A. Telephone Switching Systems. Boston: Artech House, 2000.
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Inventions and Inventors
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MAGILL’S CHOICE Inventions and In
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Table of Contents Table of Contents
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Table of Contents Fax machine . . .
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Publisher’s Note Publisher’s No
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Editor’s Foreword The articles in
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MAGILL’S CHOICE Inventions and In
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Table of Contents Table of Contents
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Table of Contents Thermal cracking
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Abortion pill Abortion pill The inv
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France, Great Britain, The Netherla
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Abortion pill / 5 Lyall, Sarah. “
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The Wright brothers were more than
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onds. He covered 37 meters of groun
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Alkaline storage battery Alkaline s
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Alkaline storage battery / 13 low t
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cles at airports still make use of
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came from the deserts of northern C
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harbor and fell into German hands.
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Amniotic Sac Uterus Amniotic Fluid
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the examination of amniotic fluid a
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In 1915, tartar emetic (a compound
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Antibiotics such as penicillin and
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studied calculator design, and Jobs
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The team pushed ahead to complete t
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Aqualung Aqualung The invention: A
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Jacques-Yves Cousteau Aqualung / 35
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(1963), the United Nations Internat
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consists of a 20 percent emulsion o
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Artificial chromosome Artificial ch
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The second essential element is the
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Artificial heart Artificial heart T
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in several other patients with seri
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Further Reading Artificial heart /
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were responsible. John Jacob Abel w
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After the structure of insulin and
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mally takes place inside the body o
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In the 1980’s, artificial insemin
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slowly. As blood flowed through the
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1945), with the help of the directo
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Artificial satellite Artificial sat
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sian satellite shot would be made o
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Aspartame Aspartame The invention:
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Many other compounds are being test
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Assembly line Assembly line The inv
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Assembly line / 73 identical parts
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Impact The changeover from custom p
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that uranium 235 would be far more
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guidance, the first successful H-bo
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Atomic clock / 81 clock has weights
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around the earth on a jet, and the
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Savannah’s Design and Constructio
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Further Reading Atomic-powered ship
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Antoine Lumière and Sons Autochrom
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Impact While the autochrome plate r
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communicate instructions to the com
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Bathyscaphe Bathyscaphe The inventi
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Auguste Piccard Bathyscaphe / 97 Au
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These exploits showed clearly that
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glish authorities, on the tiny isla
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Auguste Piccard, the renowned Swiss
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tor (ENIAC) the world’s first ele
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Impact The design embodied in the B
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It was already known that there was
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Having shown that the hormone could
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Blood transfusion Blood transfusion
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Charles Drew Blood transfusion / 11
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Further Reading Blood transfusion /
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is the breeder concept, the idea th
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Further Reading Breeder reactor / 1
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ations to electrical signals that c
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was able to produce ten thousand Br
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Fender had gone too far with the in
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Fame. He is one of the few non-musi
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Brownie camera / 131 shots. It had
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Impact Brownie camera / 133 Eastman
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George Eastman Brownie camera / 135
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try have expanded their research to
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eakthrough in data storage technolo
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son. It is possible to perform some
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tire project was completed on sched
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The popularity of the Shinkansen sy
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Buna rubber / 147 cess of this rubb
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Buna-S rubber is often made by mixi
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CAD/CAM CAD/CAM The invention: Comp
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CAD/CAM / 153 its accuracy in lengt
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CAD/CAM / 155 the design of new aut
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Further Reading CAD/CAM / 157 Groov
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chaeologists still depended mainly
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Charles Wesley Ferguson from the Tr
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Cassette recording Cassette recordi
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discs that reproduce sound, text, a
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CAT scanner CAT scanner The inventi
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Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield CAT scan
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the dangerous exploratory brain sur
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A dominant trend in cell phone desi
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of one cell, calls are switched to
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Cloning Cloning The invention: Expe
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Nuclear Transfer Model of a double
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est and brightest of humanity could
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Cloud seeding Cloud seeding The inv
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The results of the scientific exper
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COBOL computer language COBOL compu
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calculations, which relays tripped
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Finally, because Hopper and the oth
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Fischer’s Theory One of the earli
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Color film / 195 Glendinning, Peter
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CBS laboratory in the headquarters
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Further Reading Color television /
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omba. This improvement increased th
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ing, joined Newman at Manchester in
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each Telstar launch. The Telstar pr
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of pictures of that event on televi
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Poor reception in some areas and th
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Ted Turner Community antenna televi
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Community antenna television / 213
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at the problem, premium channels in
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Compact disc Compact disc The inven
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Links Among New Technologies Compac
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tion is irrelevant when compared wi
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audio engineering department improv
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Compressed-air-accumulating power p
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for compressed-air accumulation whe
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Computer chips Computer chips The i
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Jack St. Clair Kilby Computer chips
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Circuitry of a typical computer chi
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Contact lenses Contact lenses The i
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William Feinbloom Contact lenses /
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popularity of hard lenses, new kind
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Bypass Graft Blockage Before bypass
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Coronary artery bypass surgery / 24
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While ballistic missiles are excell
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Further Reading Cruise missile / 24
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Cyclamate had no calories, but it w
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egulates new food additives. The am
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none had been successful in causing
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(mounted near the center of the app
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Diesel locomotive Diesel locomotive
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Diesels, Diesels Everywhere Diesel
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makers make much wider use of diese
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Differential analyzer / 263 though
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with the Differential Analyzer, mos
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Dirigible Dirigible The invention:
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Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin Dirigi
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short flights, so airships were use
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Seal Company. William Painter, one
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Disposable razor / 275 The other di
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Disposable razor / 277 and made man
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Dolby noise reduction Dolby noise r
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Ray Dolby Dolby noise reduction / 2
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producing an improved system: Dolby
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Early electric clock. (PhotoDisc) E
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ubidium and cesium, and it is easy
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Electric refrigerator Electric refr
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Electric refrigerator / 291 tional
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Electrocardiogram Electrocardiogram
Page 638:
Willem Einthoven Electrocardiogram
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Further Reading Electrocardiogram /
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Electroencephalogram / 299 Berger m
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anatomical approach, and electrophy
Page 654:
short, but for the most part they a
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ecognition of this problem to the d
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Electronic synthesizer Electronic s
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Robert Moog Electronic synthesizer
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consequence of synthesizer use has
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Herman Heine Goldstine overseeing i
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tion; for continuous storage, the s
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Fax machine / 317 the same at each
Page 686:
See also Communications satellite;
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Zhores I. Alferov Fiber-optics / 32
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Fiber-optics / 323 The earliest gla
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Field ion microscope Field ion micr
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Erwin Müller Field ion microscope
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atomic structures of biological mol
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vanced machine, the Universal Autom
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Consequences Floppy disk / 333 Pers
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Fluorescent lighting Fluorescent li
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uum pump to evacuate the jar to a l
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FM radio FM radio The invention: A
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change systems would risk the milli
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Food freezing Food freezing The inv
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Amanda Theodosia Jones Food freezin
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FORTRAN programming language FORTRA
Page 746:
A More Accessible Language Before F
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Freeze-drying Freeze-drying The inv
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membranes within plant and animal t
Page 758:
Fuel cell Fuel cell The invention:
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can corporation, sent a representat
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See also Alkaline storage battery;
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generator alternately powered the m
Page 774:
One way to describe hybrids is to s
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Geiger counter Geiger counter The i
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Hans Geiger Geiger counter / 367 At
Page 786:
The true Geiger counter evolved whe
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the other strand. A human being con
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ates, ranging from mammals to birds
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sive urination, and large amounts o
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Genetically engineered insulin / 37
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time. Also, the low pressure of the
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See also Breeder reactor; Compresse
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to move freely about two axes. This
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ing on a design for a gyroscopic co
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for storage purposes, such a system
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them on hand at all times, and mani
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Hearing aid / 391 impaired persons
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See also Artificial heart; Artifici
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woman whose lung circulation was bl
Page 842:
See also Artificial heart; Blood tr
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Refrigerator or Heater Heat pump /
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Technological developments by heat
Page 854:
tract and produce a small amplitude
Page 858:
Ivor Williams was so short that the
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Hovercraft Hovercraft The invention
Page 866:
Hovercraft / 409 systems have all b
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See also Airplane; Atomic-powered s
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the Soviet explosion of an atomic b
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Islands on November 1, 1952. Exceed
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IBM Model 1401 computer IBM Model 1
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first with transistors, then with s
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In vitro plant culture In vitro pla
Page 894:
With other methods of plant propaga
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Infrared photography Infrared photo
Page 902:
Sir William Herschel Infrared photo
Page 906:
See also Autochrome plate; Color fi
Page 910:
signed the original camera and the
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sion. There the alkali activates th
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uilding military weapons and a numb
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Henry Martyn Leland Interchangeable
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strategies designed to promote thei
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er of operations, but mass producti
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Engine and Fuel Design Internal com
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Impact The side-valve engine was th
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at the University of California at
Page 946:
Impact Most individual users access
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Iron lung Iron lung The invention:
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Careful examination of each patient
Page 958:
Katharine Burr Blodgett Remembering
Page 962:
the product was not widely used for
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Laser Laser The invention: Taking i
Page 970:
Mary Spaeth Born in 1938, Mary Diet
Page 974:
See also Atomic clock; Compact disc
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Although the digital videodisc syst
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Further Reading Laser-diode recordi
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directed to the interior of the rab
Page 990:
See also Contact lenses; Coronary a
Page 994:
Laser vaporization / 473 eth centur
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tery. This very exciting event adde
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Long-distance radiotelephony Long-d
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Reginald Aubrey Fessenden Long-dist
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onstration was more a makeshift lab
Page 1014:
A breakthrough came in 1906, when L
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were wired quickly, and by the begi
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tographs. Researchers in the United
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Gershon-Cohen had demonstrated the
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A Computational Behemoth Mark I cal
Page 1034:
Further Reading Mark I calculator /
Page 1038:
vited Francis William Aston to work
Page 1042:
Impact The years following 1919 wer
Page 1046:
Memory metal / 499 The mechanism, s
Page 1050:
See also Disposable razor; Neoprene
Page 1054:
pole water molecules try to align t
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method more than tripled the speed
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Neoprene Neoprene The invention: Th
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1930, he accepted an assignment to
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Neutrino detector Neutrino detector
Page 1074:
Neutrino detector / 513 Patients un
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Davis’s discovery of the low numb
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more vivid and more useful than X r
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vancements in anatomy all contribut
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the leadership of Enrico Fermi. He
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On December 2, 1957, on the fifteen
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Nuclear reactor Nuclear reactor The
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duced successfully on a small scale
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Nylon Nylon The invention: A resili
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one of great strength. The polyeste
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Oil-well drill bit Oil-well drill b
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Howard R. Hughes Oil-well drill bit
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Optical disk Optical disk The inven
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Optical disk / 539 coded it as a se
Page 1130:
Orlon Orlon The invention: A synthe
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keeps its fiber form. In contrast t
Page 1138:
Pacemaker Pacemaker The invention:
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triggered synchronous pacemaker was
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Pap test Pap test The invention: A
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eproductive problems that include a
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Penicillin Penicillin The invention
Page 1158:
Sir Alexander Fleming Penicillin /
Page 1162:
Florey and Chain received numerous
Page 1166:
Belzel, Paul Rizzo, Dean McKay, and
Page 1170:
See also Apple II computer; BINAC c
Page 1174:
the influence of strong light. Stud
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only), in which it emitted electron
Page 1182:
Photovoltaic cell Photovoltaic cell
Page 1186:
useful work. Chapin, Fuller, and Pe
Page 1190:
Plastic Plastic The invention: The
Page 1194:
Plastic / 573 tion proved that the
Page 1198:
Further Reading Plastic / 575 Amato
Page 1202:
Other versions of mechanical calcul
Page 1206:
Pocket calculator / 579 True pocket
Page 1210:
Polio vaccine (Sabin) Polio vaccine
Page 1214:
Polio vaccine (Sabin) / 583 tibodie
Page 1218:
Polio vaccine (Salk) Polio vaccine
Page 1222:
greatly elevated the concentration
Page 1226:
Polyester Polyester The invention:
Page 1230:
cle and boat bodies. Terylene and s
Page 1234:
Polyethylene Polyethylene The inven
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At this point, fate intervened in t
Page 1242:
Polystyrene Polystyrene The inventi
Page 1246:
polystyrene has grown to exceed 5 b
Page 1250:
Propeller-coordinated machine gun P
Page 1254:
Propeller-coordinated machine gun /
Page 1258:
Further Reading Propeller-coordinat
Page 1262:
than that of glass, but they conduc
Page 1266:
agreed that the results were excell
Page 1270:
Radar Radar The invention: An elect
Page 1274:
Technician at a modern radar displa
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oped after the war were aimed at gu
Page 1282:
correct. He conducted experiments a
Page 1286:
Guglielmo Marconi Guglielmo Marconi
Page 1290:
Radio crystal sets Radio crystal se
Page 1294:
support. Some surprising supports u
Page 1298:
Radio interferometer Radio interfer
Page 1302:
Moving Spacecraft Angular Separatio
Page 1306:
Further Reading Radio interferomete
Page 1310:
liquid. The liquid was pumped into
Page 1314:
speculated that the compounds might
Page 1318:
noted in Indian medical literature.
Page 1322:
Since the 1950’s, medical science
Page 1326:
working to help such countries feed
Page 1330:
To produce such high yields, IR-8 a
Page 1334:
making it even more difficult for s
Page 1338:
Richter scale Richter scale The inv
Page 1342:
Amplified Maximum Ground Motion (Mi
Page 1346:
See also Carbon dating; Geiger coun
Page 1350:
Hero 1 Operation Robot (household)
Page 1354:
Consequences The Hero 1 had a huge
Page 1358:
A New Industrial Revolution Robot (
Page 1362:
have made the robots more accurate
Page 1366:
others in the United States, the So
Page 1370:
Another problem was designing a fue
Page 1374:
Rotary dial telephone Rotary dial t
Page 1378:
Alexander Graham Bell Rotary dial t
Page 1382:
Touch-tone dialing replaced Barnay
Page 1386:
SAINT: An Expert System SAINT / 669
Page 1390:
James R. Slagle SAINT / 671 James R
Page 1394:
Salvarsan Salvarsan The invention:
Page 1398:
The wonder drug Salvarsan was often
Page 1402:
against bacteria was finally on a s
Page 1406:
lengths comparable to the diameter
Page 1410:
measurable electrical current flowi
Page 1414:
Silicones Silicones The invention:
Page 1418:
Eugene G. Rochow Silicones / 685 Eu
Page 1422:
Solar thermal engine Solar thermal
Page 1426:
Solar thermal engine / 689 Trough-s
Page 1430:
Solar thermal engine / 691 Mancini,
Page 1434:
Sonar Theory, Development, and Use
Page 1438:
purpose and the fact that the absor
Page 1442:
Stealth aircraft Stealth aircraft T
Page 1446:
that could effectively penetrate en
Page 1450:
Steelmaking process Steelmaking pro
Page 1454:
Steelmaking process / 703 mosphere,
Page 1458:
Steelmaking process / 705 ternity,
Page 1462:
Steelmaking process / 707 own blast
Page 1466:
Supercomputer Supercomputer The inv
Page 1470:
Seymour R. Cray Supercomputer / 711
Page 1474:
Further Reading Supercomputer / 713
Page 1478:
The Decision to Build the SST Super
Page 1482:
Impact Supersonic passenger plane /
Page 1486:
sonic boom phenomenon, markets for
Page 1490:
Although Lawrence was interested in
Page 1494:
The increased use of accelerator ap
Page 1498:
that the earth had formed from a co
Page 1502:
materials used to build the cells o
Page 1506: Synthetic DNA Synthetic DNA The inv
Page 1510: e “template-directed.” DNA poly
Page 1514: Synthetic RNA Synthetic RNA The inv
Page 1518: tein synthesis, an extremely comple
Page 1522: Syphilis test Syphilis test The inv
Page 1526: simpler and faster: The test was co
Page 1530: Talking motion pictures Talking mot
Page 1534: Talking motion pictures / 743 In th
Page 1538: As a result of its foresight, Warne
Page 1542: Teflon / 747 his great surprise, no
Page 1546: Teflon / 749 of Teflon’s slipperi
Page 1550: Telephone switching Telephone switc
Page 1554: Almon B. Strowger Telephone switchi
Page 1560: 756 Television Television The inven
Page 1564: 758 / Television Society in London,
Page 1568: 760 / Television working picture tu
Page 1572: 762 / Tevatron accelerator Robert R
Page 1576: 764 / Tevatron accelerator Evidence
Page 1580: 766 / Thermal cracking process bons
Page 1584: 768 / Thermal cracking process lize
Page 1588: 770 Tidal power plant Tidal power p
Page 1592: 772 / Tidal power plant about the s
Page 1596: 774 Touch-tone telephone Touch-tone
Page 1600: 776 / Touch-tone telephone backgrou
Page 1604: 778 Transistor Transistor The inven
Page 1608:
780 / Transistor product that could
Page 1612:
782 / Transistor William Shockley W
Page 1616:
784 / Transistor based on transisto
Page 1620:
786 Transistor radio Transistor rad
Page 1624:
788 / Transistor radio Engineers fr
Page 1628:
790 / Transistor radio Further Read
Page 1632:
792 / Tuberculosis vaccine When sma
Page 1636:
794 / Tuberculosis vaccine Further
Page 1640:
796 / Tungsten filament relatively
Page 1644:
798 / Tungsten filament ufacturing
Page 1648:
800 / Tupperware Refrigeration tech
Page 1652:
802 / Tupperware recipes for dinner
Page 1656:
804 / Tupperware market meant keepi
Page 1660:
806 / Tupperware needs of consumers
Page 1664:
808 / Turbojet high altitudes, bene
Page 1668:
810 / Turbojet Further Reading Adam
Page 1672:
812 / Typhus vaccine from a Greek w
Page 1676:
814 / Typhus vaccine Further Readin
Page 1680:
816 / Ultracentrifuge Svedberg Buil
Page 1684:
818 / Ultracentrifuge Further Readi
Page 1688:
820 / Ultramicroscope Zsigmondy soo
Page 1692:
822 / Ultramicroscope chemistry and
Page 1696:
824 / Ultrasound dar” (radio dete
Page 1700:
826 / Ultrasound and other injuries
Page 1704:
828 UNIVAC computer UNIVAC computer
Page 1708:
830 / UNIVAC computer allow input t
Page 1712:
832 Vacuum cleaner Vacuum cleaner T
Page 1716:
834 / Vacuum cleaner The Hoover fam
Page 1720:
836 / Vacuum cleaner made house cle
Page 1724:
838 / Vacuum tube ventions or disco
Page 1728:
840 / Vacuum tube In 1907-1908, the
Page 1732:
842 Vat dye Vat dye The invention:
Page 1736:
844 / Vat dye William Henry Perkin
Page 1740:
846 Velcro Velcro The invention: A
Page 1744:
848 / Velcro packs, bookbags, motor
Page 1748:
850 Vending machine slug rejector V
Page 1752:
852 / Vending machine slug rejector
Page 1756:
Page 1760:
Page 1764:
858 / Videocassette recorder Helica
Page 1768:
860 / Videocassette recorder See al
Page 1772:
862 / Virtual machine Because CPUs
Page 1776:
864 / Virtual machine Consequences
Page 1780:
866 Virtual reality Virtual reality
Page 1784:
868 / Virtual reality Ivan Sutherla
Page 1788:
870 / Virtual reality Further Readi
Page 1792:
872 / V-2 rocket flew in a straight
Page 1796:
874 / V-2 rocket ogy, which culmina
Page 1800:
876 / Walkman cassette player tape
Page 1804:
878 / Walkman cassette player der t
Page 1808:
880 / Walkman cassette player twent
Page 1812:
882 / Walkman cassette player See a
Page 1816:
884 / Washing machine Washing machi
Page 1820:
886 / Washing machine War II (1939-
Page 1824:
888 / Weather satellite Hurricane o
Page 1828:
890 / Weather satellite Further Rea
Page 1832:
892 / Xerography Mallory and Compan
Page 1836:
894 / Xerography erties of the comp
Page 1840:
896 X-ray crystallography X-ray cry
Page 1844:
(Library of Congess) 898 / X-ray cr
Page 1848:
900 / X-ray crystallography ular im
Page 1852:
902 / X-ray image intensifier ness
Page 1856:
904 / X-ray image intensifier Furth
Page 1860:
906 / Yellow fever vaccine the worl
Page 1864:
908 / Yellow fever vaccine cate the
Page 1868:
910 / Time Line Date Invention 1913
Page 1872:
Page 1876:
Page 1880:
916 / Topics by Category Radar Radi
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918 / Topics by Category Solar ther
Page 1888:
920 / Topics by Category Electroenc
Page 1892:
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Page 1896:
924 / Index Bacon, Francis Thomas,
Page 1900:
926 / Index 104-107, 138-141, 165,
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928 / Index Fox Network, 215 Franci
Page 1908:
930 / Index Knoll, Max, 302 Kober,
Page 1912:
932 / Index Opel, John, 558 Ophthal
Page 1916:
934 / Index Shaw, Louis, 451 Shaw,
Page 1920:
936 / Index Volta, Alessandro, 355
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