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V electrical potential [V] α decay coefficient α fraction of the wetted glass slide surface α duty cycle ∆N number of inactivated microorganisms in the interval t + ∆t τ pulse duration interval [min] vi
CONTENTS 1 PRINCIPLES OF SURFACE DISINFECTION AND STERILIZATION 1 1.1 Introduction . ............................. 1 1.2 Disinfectionandsterilizationmethods................ 5 1.2.1 Sterilizationbyheat ..................... 6 1.2.2 Sterilizationbyelectromagneticradiation.......... 7 1.2.3 Sterilizationbychemicalagents ............... 8 1.2.4 Sterilizationbyparticlebombardment ........... 9 1.2.5 Sterilizationbyplasma.................... 9 1.2.5.1 Plasma-"based"sterilizers............. 10 1.2.5.2 Plasmasterilizers.................. 11 1.3 Mechanismsofplasmasterilization ................. 14 1.3.1 Mechanisms of plasma sterilization at atmospheric pressure 14 1.3.2 Mechanisms of plasma sterilization at low pressure .... 15 1.3.3 Topicalissuesinsterilizationresearch............ 17 1.4 Objectiveandstructureofthisthesis ................ 19 2 EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP AND TECHNIQUES USED IN PLASMA STERILIZATION 23 2.1 Introduction . ............................. 23 2.2 Experimentalset-up ......................... 24 vii
Page 1 and 2: PLASMA STERILIZATION USING LOW PRES
Page 3 and 4: my appreciation especially for the
Page 5: Iis ion saturation current [µA] t
Page 9 and 10: 4 EFFECTS OF LOW TEMPERATURE PULSED
Page 11 and 12: and intuited to bring new important
Page 13 and 14: Figure 1.1: Schematic representatio
Page 15 and 16: Table 1.1: Common disinfection and
Page 17 and 18: the radiation energy is resonantly
Page 19 and 20: ers of heat, optical radiation and
Page 21 and 22: Table 1.2: Main plasma sources used
Page 23 and 24: microorganism population as a respo
Page 25 and 26: UV Photon Before After DNA Figure 1
Page 27 and 28: to sterilize medical tools, but the
Page 29 and 30: sented by both theoretical and expe
Page 31 and 32: Plasma Sterilization Using Low Pres
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2.1: Experimental set-up. MB
Page 35 and 36: Figure 2.3: Electronic circuit of t
Page 37 and 38: such circumstances, the inactivatio
Page 39 and 40: ment time t is N = N0e −αt ≡ N
Page 41 and 42: shows the number of the viable micr
Page 43 and 44: has n −1 0 > 281.25 µm 2 availab
Page 45 and 46: 1 st 2 nd ( I) TNTC (II) TNTC (III)
Page 47 and 48: U LC blocking filter 19.74 pF 20.24
Page 49 and 50: Figure 2.8: Experimental set-up use
Page 51 and 52: the reactive species from plasma ar
Page 53 and 54: Temperature measurement Relative in
Page 55 and 56: MR MP SH Figure 3.2: Experimental a
Page 57 and 58:
a fast temperature increasing rate.
Page 59 and 60:
D h (min) 10 3 10 2 10 1 10 0 100 2
Page 61 and 62:
MR QP SH Figure 3.6: Experimental a
Page 63 and 64:
The contribution of photons and hea
Page 65 and 66:
D (min) 10 3 10 2 10 1 10 0 Dν D h
Page 67 and 68:
N/N 0 (%) 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2
Page 69 and 70:
D (min) 10 2 10 1 10 0 D h+ν+p D h
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holder is mainly given by particle
Page 73 and 74:
3.5 Power sensitivity of spore inac
Page 75 and 76:
If for a reference treatment temper
Page 77 and 78:
of the sample was achieved. Moreove
Page 79 and 80:
microorganisms were disposed in mon
Page 81 and 82:
The pulse period covered a wide int
Page 83 and 84:
in chapter 2. The treatment time of
Page 85 and 86:
4.2.2 Injected RF power In order to
Page 87 and 88:
ton =500µs, and the duty cycle was
Page 89 and 90:
T ( 0 C) 120 100 80 60 40 20 I 0 5
Page 91 and 92:
N/N 0 (%) 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 1 10 1
Page 93 and 94:
elow 70 ◦ C. 3. Increasing the in
Page 95 and 96:
the second phase of the inactivatio
Page 97 and 98:
k 1, 2 (min -1 ) 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.
Page 99 and 100:
I (arb. unit) 140 120 100 80 60 40
Page 101 and 102:
I (arb. unit) 5 4 3 2 1 0 0.000 0.0
Page 103 and 104:
I > (arb.unit) 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6
Page 105 and 106:
shown in Fig. 4.14. It can be seen
Page 107 and 108:
I is (mA) 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05
Page 109 and 110:
value. When ton has been kept const
Page 111 and 112:
survival curve characteristics were
Page 113 and 114:
of the effects produced by differen
Page 115 and 116:
solutely necessary for a profound u
Page 117 and 118:
Conferences 1. Bacillus spores ster
Page 119 and 120:
[9] W. A. Rutala, D. J. Weber, J. H
Page 121 and 122:
[34] J. H. Young: Sterilization wit
Page 123 and 124:
[57] M. K. Boudam, M. Moisan, B. Sa
Page 125 and 126:
[79] J. Schneider, K. M. Baumgartne
Page 127 and 128:
[100] S. Villeger, S. Cousty, A. Ri
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