No. 104 - Miljøstyrelsen

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The Danish Environmental Protection Agency will, when opportunity offers, publish reports and contributions relating to environmental research and development projects financed via the Danish EPA. Please note that publication does not signify that the contents of the reports necessarily reflect the views of the Danish EPA. The reports are, however, published because the Danish EPA finds that the studies represent a valuable contribution to the debate on environmental policy in Denmark.
Contents PREFACE 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 7 COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS CONTAIN SMALL QUANTITIES OF HEALTH-HAZARDOUS MERCURY 7 WHAT IS MERCURY 7 FORMS OF MERCURY IN COMPACT AND STRAIGHT FLUORESCENT LAMPS 8 WHY IS MERCURY A HEALTH PROBLEM? 8 CALCULATION OF LEVEL OF MERCURY VAPOURS WITHOUT HARMFUL EFFECTS 8 WHICH LEVELS CAN BE FOUND AFTER BREAKAGE OF LAMPS IN A HOME IN THE SHORT-TERM PERSPECTIVE? 9 WHICH LEVELS CAN BE FOUND AFTER BREAKAGE OF LAMPS IN A HOME IN THE LONG-TERM PERSPECTIVE? 11 1 INTRODUCTION 13 1.1 PURPOSE AND CONTENTS 13 1.2 HOW DO COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS AND STRAIGHT FLUORESCENT LAMPS WORK? 13 1.3 RELEVANT LEGISLATION - ROHS 14 1.4 SUMMARY 15 2 SURVEY 17 2.1 DESCRIPTION OF TYPES OF FLUORESCENT LAMPS 17 2.2 SURVEY OF QUANTITIES OF MERCURY 20 2.3 SURVEY OF TYPES OF MERCURY COMPOUNDS IN FLUORESCENT LAMPS 22 2.4 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 22 2.5 SUMMARY 22 3 RELEASE OF MERCURY FROM BROKEN LAMPS 25 3.1 MERCURY COMPOUNDS AND QUANTITIES 25 3.2 RELEASE FROM BROKEN LAMPS 26 3.3 IMPACT FROM FLOORING AND EVAPORATION OF MERCURY AFTER ACCIDENTS 29 3.4 DESCRIPTION OF ACCIDENT 30 3.5 RELEASE OF MERCURY TO THE OUTER ENVIRONMENT 30 3.6 RISK OF BREAKAGE 30 3.7 DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY 30 4 HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF MERCURY VAPOURS 35 4.1 DESCRIPTION OF MERCURY 35 4.2 ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM IN HUMAN BODY 36 4.3 HUMAN INTAKE OF MERCURY 37 4.4 MEASUREMENT OF MERCURY EXPOSURE 38 4.5 MERCURY TOXICITY 39 4.6 LIMIT VALUES 40 4.7 SUMMARY 42 3
Page 1: Survey and health assessment of mer
Page 5: Preface This ”Survey and health a
Page 8 and 9: 8 Forms of mercury in compact and s
Page 10 and 11: 10 � Ordinary ventilation: Is slo
Page 13 and 14: 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose and cont
Page 15: Table 1-1 Maximum permitted content
Page 18 and 19: 18 � Light bulbs without integral
Page 20 and 21: 20 Figure 2-3. Example of lamp with
Page 22 and 23: 22 2.3 Survey of types of mercury c
Page 25 and 26: 3 Release of mercury from broken la
Page 27 and 28: momentarily at the time t=0, i.e. t
Page 29 and 30: same in both 30 cm’s and 1.5 mete
Page 31 and 32: Table 3-1 Values for contents of Hg
Page 33: pieces of broken glas and adhesive
Page 36 and 37: 36 Physico-chemical data Physical s
Page 38 and 39: 38 Table 4-1 Estimated daily averag
Page 40 and 41: 40 No information is available abou
Page 42 and 43: 42 Table 4-2 Limit values etc. for
Page 44 and 45: 44 A LOAEL of 0.025 mg Hg/m 3 (25
Page 46 and 47: 46 5.1.2 Calculation method For the
Page 48 and 49: 48 In practice, thus, a maximum of
Page 50 and 51: 50 To allow for the impact from ven
Page 52 and 53:
52 effects and even if the value is
Page 54 and 55:
54 � These calculations assume mo
Page 56 and 57:
56 as the source of exposure (the b
Page 58 and 59:
58 Evaporation of mercury will take
Page 60 and 61:
60 Den Store Danske, 2009. In Danis
Page 62 and 63:
62 NEMA, 2000. Environmental Impact
Page 64:
64 WHO, 2010. Joint FAO/WHO Expert
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