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to highlight the disconnectedness and trauma of the victimized psyche. The<br />
concluding statement may sound musically more agreeable to the listener,<br />
but it is no less tragic. It represents a fictional and anachronistic musical<br />
conversation between Richard Wagner, a documented anti-Semite and<br />
Adolph Hitler’s favorite composer, and the Jewish musical pioneer Arnold<br />
Schoenberg who had been demonized by the Nazis as the face of musical<br />
decadence. Here, the music of the opening of Wagner’s Tristan und Isolde is<br />
constantly interrupted by strict iterations of twelve-tone rows in unsettling<br />
tempo and register displacements. (The longest such iteration is borrowed<br />
from Through A Glass Darkly (PE102), an earlier composition of mine, in<br />
which this row serves the same purpose as in <strong>Menorah</strong>.) After a couple<br />
of arguments and counterarguments, the two musics rise ever higher in<br />
frequency towards the starry sky of the first movement: a D-major chord in<br />
which the ratios of the musical intervals and their projection in the realm of<br />
rhythm are identical. The composition could have reached a peaceful ending<br />
here, but that would have been construed as wishful thinking by a gentile<br />
composer. Many years ago, when I was a graduate composition student<br />
working on my Ph.D. with American composer Morton Feldman, Feldman<br />
had mentioned something to the effect that “there can be no honest music<br />
after the Holocaust.” That statement had a profound impact in me. While I<br />
don’t entirely agree with it, I did pay heed to it in Kaddish Yatom. Suffice to<br />
say that <strong>Menorah</strong> does not end in the starry sky.<br />
— Christos Hatzis