An evaluation of the role of fire extinguishers

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United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (2020) Sendai framework: Understanding Risk [Online]. Available at https://www.undrr.org/building-risk-knowledge/understanding-risk United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (n.d.) Understanding Risk [Online]. Available at https://www.undrr.org/building-risk-knowledge/understanding-risk Ursano, R., Fullerton, C. and Terhakopian, A. (2008) ‘Disasters and Health: Distress, Disorders, and Disaster Behaviors in Communities, Neighborhoods, and Nations’, Social Research, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 1015–1028,1035 [Online]. Available at https://www-jstororg.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/stable/40972101?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents Veeramany, A., Weckman, E. J. and Pandey, M. D. (2014) ‘A Semi-Markov Fire Growth Model’, Fire Technology, vol. 50, pp. 437–454 [Online]. Available at https://doiorg.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/10.1007/s10694-012-0304-7 Wales, D. (2020) Unrecognised: The public role as first responders to dwelling fires, Unpublished MSc dissertation. Wales, D. and Stiles, K. (2019) Saving Lives Is Not Enough [Online]. Available at https://tinyurl.com/SLINE2019 Wales, D.G., Thompson, O.F., Hulse, L.M. and Galea, E.R. (2015) ‘From data to difference – considering the application of a large-scale database of human behaviour in accidental dwelling fires’, 6 th International Symposium: Human Behaviour in Fire 2015: Symposium Proceedings. London, England, Interscience Communications, pp. 465–476. Walker, R. G. (2017) Practical Assessment of the Dependence of Fire Service Intervention Times on Life Safety, PhD thesis (partial) [Online]. Available at http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20721/1/20721%20Walker%20Richard%20Final%20e- Thesis%20%28Master%20Copy%29.pdf Wood, P.G. (1972), ‘The Behaviour of People in Fires’, Fire Research Note 953. Boreham Wood, Building Research Establishment. Xiong, L., Bruck, D. and Ball, M. (2015) ‘Comparative investigation of ‘survival’ and fatality factors in accidental residential fires’, Fire Safety Journal, vol. 73, pp. 37–47 [Online]. Available at https://doi-org.ezproxy4.lib.le.ac.uk/10.1016/j.firesaf.2015.02.003 Xiong, L., Bruck, D. and Ball, M. (2014) ‘Utilization of the Haddon Matrix to Organize Factors of Survived Accidental Residential Fires: Frequencies for Human, Agent, and Environment-related Variables’, Fire Safety Science, vol. 11, pp. 1049–1062 [Online]. Available at http://www.iafss.org/publications/fss/11/1049/view/fss_11-1049.pdf Thanks also to Community Safety Statistics /Welsh Government for Welsh FRS data. 53 1
About the author David Wales CCXP MSc FRSA David is the founder of SharedAim Ltd., a company established to help organisations deliver excellent customer experience and enhance performance. It specialises in using a human first approach that recognises the dynamic and complex nature of people’s lives. Uniquely, this allows organisations to take an outside-in view and have a realistic understanding of how they fit into their customers world. Prior to this, David had a distinguished career in the Fire and Rescue Service, where he instigated and led an award-winning national study of human behaviour in fires. His insights provided an entirely new perspective and changed thinking and practice in the sector, in the UK and internationally. As a result, he was appointed as the first customer experience manager in the FRS, where he was also recognised for his innovation. In 2019, his co-authored report ‘Saving Lives Is Not Enough’ (https://tinyurl.com/SLINE2019) was published, bringing a survivor and evidence-based perspective to challenge current pre-hospital burn care arrangements. David completed a MSc in risk crisis and disaster management at the University of Leicester. His dissertation was titled ‘Unrecognised: The public role as first responders to dwelling fires’. He retains an interest in supporting the emergency sector and is an advisor to several international crisis and disaster organisations. He has held a variety of voluntary roles, including the international research lead for the National Fire Chiefs Council and the evidence champion (for the FRS) with the Alliance for Useful Evidence. An award-winning presenter, best-selling author, awards judge and recognised customer experience influencer, David has worked extensively across multiple sectors. Taking a human-centred approach, David advocates the need to re-imagine and transform services in partnership with citizens and communities. 54 21
Page 4 and 5:
Aim and audience This report was pr
Page 6 and 7: Definitions Dwelling fires - fires
Page 8: 10. There is limited literature and
Page 11 and 12: 25. Limiting the fire to the smalle
Page 13: 40. To capture the concept of indir
Page 16 and 17: 52. Between 2001/02 and 2002/03, th
Page 18 and 19: 65. In Wales: • the proportion of
Page 20 and 21: 79. This quantified modelling appro
Page 23 and 24: Human behaviour and motivation in d
Page 25 and 26: 106. It is a dilemma found in many
Page 27 and 28: 120. Surveys from the National Asso
Page 29: 133. A 2003 UK survey found that pr
Page 32 and 33: The role of portable fire extinguis
Page 34 and 35: 159. To help the end user distingui
Page 36 and 37: 174. BS 5306-8 considers that encou
Page 39 and 40: Research and data 184. The point ha
Page 42 and 43: Key findings, discussion, and recom
Page 44 and 45: 212. Response times do not appear t
Page 46 and 47: Extinguishers Findings 227. Standar
Page 48 and 49: 241. Recognition of the influence o
Page 50 and 51: REFERENCES British Standards Instit
Page 52 and 53: Harpur, A., Boyce, K. and McConnell
Page 54 and 55: LACORS (2008) Housing - Fire Safety
Page 58 and 59: Acknowledgement The author is grate
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