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ulrl = &fleetton at the load polnt The dcflcctlon slt) can be obluncd by double lnlcgratlon of the extrapolated accclerarlon ar the load pamr. i(r1. by equation: "(I) = 66 ti(,) d dt (5.281 Rpre 5.2 ~llusrrares a typ~cvl load venur defleetlon plat. The area under lond- deflectnan curve reprexne the haeture energy recelvrd by the ~pecimcn subjecled lo Impact loudlng. Figure 5.1. Typtcal load-&fleeson curve The dynamic fra~lure energy values under tmpul laadlng for all tested Jpectmcnn are then compared to static fmture energy under rtnttc loading. The valves of naric fracture energy were obmned fmm prevsou mvesligmrr. t.e. Husem (1990). Marrout. Em. and Hlld (1995). and Osman. Marrauk. and Hclmy (1998).
The eompan%on d fnctue energy berwccn dyamlc to rtaic tests are then tabulated tn Table 5.5. The results tnd~eate thar concrete undcr Impact loading. erpeclrlly hl@ rtrenoh concrete. IS more energy ahorbing lhan undcr slartc lording. In gncnl. concrete 1s a rensltwe matenal lo the chnng tn the nrerr-a. The nlmr of Impact ro Erattc fncture energy was found to be hlgher for hngh-nrensh concrete than normal- strength concrete Thnefnre hlgh-arengh concrete plaler are cansadcrrd to have more tmpacr mtrrance than normal-strength concrete. Table 5.5. Comprnron of dyvmlc fracture energy wah rtrllc fracture energy 5 6 7 8 9 Cmdltlon FrCIure Fracture DYnamh (MPa) (50 (kN%k:!Yld C~?k:'lOs Stat'c HsS1 Slmph/lupporled 81.7 095 HSS2 Slmply supponed 81 7 1.26 4.21 2.74 1.5 HSS3 Slmplyrupponsd 61.7 1.90 876 3.01 2 9 HSS4 Slmply OUppOned 61.7 2.32 12.27 3.18 3 9 HSFl HSF2 HSF3 HSF4 NSSl Fixed Flxed Flxed Flied Slmply rupponed 79 1 79.1 79 1 79.1 33.1 095 1 26 190 2.32 095 NIA 3.64 8.12 1245 0.77 2.32 2.56 2.44 2.61 243 I IS I NSF~ Flxed 1 36.6 1 1.90 / 1.86 1 NSFI I Fixed 36.6 232 2.60 2.43 . 1 4 3.3 4.8 0.3 2.E ( f (
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I TOTAL OF 10 PAGES ONLY MAY BE XER
Page 6 and 7:
1+1 6$gn",'kbRly B#blro!heque nalla
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ABSTRACT High-smnsh concrete plater
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thlr lherlr was co
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2.1.2.2 2. Fine Aggregates I2 2.1.2
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Chapter 5 4.3. Dynam~c Fracture Ene
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F1gure4.3. Filllure paltrmr of lest
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List of Tables Table 2.1 Typ~cal rt
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I
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maxxmurn lenrtle rtnln impact ullxr
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porltlon by gneraung large forcer.
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1.3. Research 0b.iectives Thrr ==ar
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Chapter 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1.
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Mmouk and Husretn (1991) reported t
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and m Canada CSA type LO cement are
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For high-ruenah mlrlures. rhc use o
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economy. or for other purposes such
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pracuce a to use s water-ieducmg ad
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where r 2s the ull#mate shear stres
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ZC = penmeterof the column The rhea
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The different theones appllcabls lo
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(71 Damage meehanncr models Models
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loild#n$ Some of there pmpenles are
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where. a = stress rare or vanallon
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arc irltd for all iricii and srmm m
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and Mdregor (1990). Thls lndlcares
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occumd tn the bigger target care th
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Chapter 3 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIO
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Table 3 2. MIX propomon for I m' of
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Trble 3.4. Detalr of [err rpclmens
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concrere and to ensure nts connrten
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the manufncrurer. Th~r nccelemmerer
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face Concrele rtraln war recorded o
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Figure 3.2. Typical sLHl retnforrem
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Figure 3.4. Cmg of fxe& coacnte fmm
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x Y urnm
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h 4 2WO mm Ftgure 3.10 Top relnforc
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t F1pt-e 3.13. Test 8st-u~ fordmply
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f one conaete atrain-gage located a
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Chapter 4 TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSI
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lard war oblalned fmm the aceelerar
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concrete strength. and had rhc same
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failure IS ductile shear fatlure or
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perfomt~an ~ncreascd by about 10-30
Page 103 and 104: LOAD. DEFLECTION Ilwimnr 6. I. and
Page 105 and 106: LOAD. DEFLECM)N (SpRim 14.15,and 16
Page 107 and 108: hgux 4.1 I. Load-deflecuon curves f
Page 109 and 110: F~gure 4 13. Load-deflscnon curves
Page 111 and 112: Flsure 4.15. Laad-tlmc curves forrp
Page 113 and 114: Rgm 4.17. Lord-time curves br Epfft
Page 115 and 116: Ftsure 4.19. Dcfl~t~on-oms curves f
Page 117 and 118: Figure 4 11. Deflect>an-t~rneeurver
Page 119 and 120: STEEL AND CONCRETE STRAINS OF HSS2
Page 121 and 122: STEEL AND CONCRETE STRAINS OF HSS4
Page 123 and 124: Figure 4.27 Steel and concrete smns
Page 125 and 126: ,000 STEEL AND CONCRETE STRAINS OF
Page 127 and 128: STEEL AND CONCRETE STRAINS OF NSS2
Page 129 and 130: - STEEL AND CONCRETE STRAINS OF NSS
Page 131 and 132: STEEL AND CONCRETE STRAINS OF NSFP
Page 133 and 134: STEEL AND CONCRETE STRAINS OF NSF4
Page 135 and 136: 5.1. Introduction Chapter 5 NUMERIC
Page 137 and 138: 5.3. Punching Shear (Static Capacit
Page 139 and 140: code predrmwmr. the abavs llmll of
Page 141 and 142: 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 HSF1 HSF2 HSF3 H
Page 143 and 144: In order to evaluate the pred!etton
Page 145 and 146: where, a, = fracture rlrenglh E = m
Page 147 and 148: And. otN+l = B., b,'V-? - ofN.? ] o
Page 149 and 150: The method of enlculat~ng N from rt
Page 151: cmclung. called process zone. The r
Page 155 and 156: The numeneal lnvcstlgatnon war earn
Page 157 and 158: 6.2. Numerical Investigation An ana
Page 159 and 160: REFERENCES ACI-ASCE Cammlnee 316. 1
Page 161 and 162: CEB (Comltc Eum-lntemar!onal du Ber
Page 163 and 164: Manouk. H.. and Husetn. A 1991. Pun
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