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For high-ruenah mlrlures. rhc use of small agpgmer with marlmum nomtnrl rlze d 190. 12.5. and 9.5 mm. usually Ir ~uffie!ent to offset rhe effect of Ihc hlgher mtrmg water demand. Cmquillo (19851 reponcd that the use of crushed aggregates tr recommended for the praducrton of htgh-strength concrete. rather than mund aggre~ater Thts was aunbured lo the reduced nggregae-manar lnrerfvce band nrenglh of natural pvel aggreertes However. the mle of aggregates m hngh-arenph concrele Is mmor compared wtth the role of cernentit~aur malenals. Manouk. Osmun. and Helmy (19981 reponcd that 11 ha been produced a bgh-strength Ihghtwe#ghr concrete up to 80 MPa a the concrete laboratory of Memonal Unlvennty. 2.I.LZ.L Fine Aggmgates Saucier. Smllh. md Tynes (1964) ~ndmaed that fine aggregates eontam a much hlghsr surface area than come aggregates for u gwen we~ghL Because 11 has I much larger surface area. the fine aggregare isandl can ~nflusnee the amount of mlsnng wafer requred md affect thc pmpemes of fresh and hardened paste more than the cornc aggregate. In sands of the wmc gndtng. 1% ~ncresse ~n fine aggregate votdr may tnducs r 5 llm' ~ncwue tn water demand to maaam an equal slump. Slnce all aggregate m concrete must be coated with paste. the shape and gndnng of fine aggregate as well as Its pmponnan to coarse aggregate will have a direct Impact on pasts requlrerncnt. More cement paste tr required when more fine aggregate IS used. The less sand used. however. the harsher mixture and workability maybe senourly ~mpnred. A balance must be struck !n pmpontonlng h~gh-nmgth mlrtumr In general. using at
least rand conrnrtent wtth necersq workabnltty has gwen the best rfrengrh for a even pasrc. The band of pwte to line aggregate IS less ngnrlicant lhsn bond lo eorrse aggregate bccaure of the large ruxface area nvalablc I" the fine aggwgare for bond~ng. Maxlrn~n~ng the come to 6nc aggregate nuo (CAIFAI can result ~n the mon eihctent. and ~hcrrforc ecooom~cnl. use of cemenntlaur mxenals The opurnum nlln nf CW4 wlll probably be apprrea fmmtnal batches basedon warkvblltty of the msrture. Rounded and smooth line aggregate pantcles (natural rand1 are better from the newpomt of workab,l~ry than sharp and rough panicles imanufsctured rand). Conerere mnrlures of he same slump and cement factor coaam8ng nau:al sand produce hlgher rrrengthr than consrctc contmntsg manufactured rand w reponed by Fmy and Pnnmre 119941. The palullcle shlpe and gndlng of !here mntennls are probably rerponrlble for the strength d~fferencer. Washlng the sand may be necessary. When natural rmdr contslnlng Irrge qurnttl!cr of mlcu. clay, and other delelenour macnalr. Thew harmful macn~lr should be avo~ded as !hey may tncrcare water demand and affect hydrartan md bond of cement pvrle lo aggregate. Untformrly of grading from bach to batch 1s also Imponant for both the f~ne and come aggregates because of Itr effect on workability. 2.1.2.3. Admixtures Adm~rturer am malcnals other than water, agpgares, and cement that arc used as ~ngredtents of concrete. ACI Commltlee 212 (1983) ~poncd that he iunctlan of admixtun is to modify the pmpnter d concrete to impmve warkahllity, or for
Page 1: I TOTAL OF 10 PAGES ONLY MAY BE XER
Page 6 and 7: 1+1 6$gn",'kbRly B#blro!heque nalla
Page 8 and 9: ABSTRACT High-smnsh concrete plater
Page 10 and 11: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thlr lherlr was co
Page 12 and 13: 2.1.2.2 2. Fine Aggregates I2 2.1.2
Page 14 and 15: Chapter 5 4.3. Dynam~c Fracture Ene
Page 16 and 17: F1gure4.3. Filllure paltrmr of lest
Page 18 and 19: List of Tables Table 2.1 Typ~cal rt
Page 20 and 21: I
Page 22 and 23: maxxmurn lenrtle rtnln impact ullxr
Page 24 and 25: porltlon by gneraung large forcer.
Page 26 and 27: 1.3. Research 0b.iectives Thrr ==ar
Page 28 and 29: Chapter 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1.
Page 30 and 31: Mmouk and Husretn (1991) reported t
Page 32 and 33: and m Canada CSA type LO cement are
Page 36 and 37: economy. or for other purposes such
Page 38 and 39: pracuce a to use s water-ieducmg ad
Page 40 and 41: where r 2s the ull#mate shear stres
Page 42 and 43: ZC = penmeterof the column The rhea
Page 44 and 45: The different theones appllcabls lo
Page 46 and 47: (71 Damage meehanncr models Models
Page 48 and 49: loild#n$ Some of there pmpenles are
Page 50 and 51: where. a = stress rare or vanallon
Page 52 and 53: arc irltd for all iricii and srmm m
Page 54 and 55: and Mdregor (1990). Thls lndlcares
Page 56 and 57: occumd tn the bigger target care th
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 3 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIO
Page 60 and 61: Table 3 2. MIX propomon for I m' of
Page 62 and 63: Trble 3.4. Detalr of [err rpclmens
Page 64 and 65: concrere and to ensure nts connrten
Page 66 and 67: the manufncrurer. Th~r nccelemmerer
Page 68 and 69: face Concrele rtraln war recorded o
Page 70 and 71: Figure 3.2. Typical sLHl retnforrem
Page 72: Figure 3.4. Cmg of fxe& coacnte fmm
Page 75: x Y urnm
Page 78: h 4 2WO mm Ftgure 3.10 Top relnforc
Page 81: t F1pt-e 3.13. Test 8st-u~ fordmply
Page 85 and 86:
f one conaete atrain-gage located a
Page 88 and 89:
Chapter 4 TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSI
Page 90 and 91:
lard war oblalned fmm the aceelerar
Page 92 and 93:
concrete strength. and had rhc same
Page 94 and 95:
failure IS ductile shear fatlure or
Page 96:
perfomt~an ~ncreascd by about 10-30
Page 103 and 104:
LOAD. DEFLECTION Ilwimnr 6. I. and
Page 105 and 106:
LOAD. DEFLECM)N (SpRim 14.15,and 16
Page 107 and 108:
hgux 4.1 I. Load-deflecuon curves f
Page 109 and 110:
F~gure 4 13. Load-deflscnon curves
Page 111 and 112:
Flsure 4.15. Laad-tlmc curves forrp
Page 113 and 114:
Rgm 4.17. Lord-time curves br Epfft
Page 115 and 116:
Ftsure 4.19. Dcfl~t~on-oms curves f
Page 117 and 118:
Figure 4 11. Deflect>an-t~rneeurver
Page 119 and 120:
STEEL AND CONCRETE STRAINS OF HSS2
Page 121 and 122:
STEEL AND CONCRETE STRAINS OF HSS4
Page 123 and 124:
Figure 4.27 Steel and concrete smns
Page 125 and 126:
,000 STEEL AND CONCRETE STRAINS OF
Page 127 and 128:
STEEL AND CONCRETE STRAINS OF NSS2
Page 129 and 130:
- STEEL AND CONCRETE STRAINS OF NSS
Page 131 and 132:
STEEL AND CONCRETE STRAINS OF NSFP
Page 133 and 134:
STEEL AND CONCRETE STRAINS OF NSF4
Page 135 and 136:
5.1. Introduction Chapter 5 NUMERIC
Page 137 and 138:
5.3. Punching Shear (Static Capacit
Page 139 and 140:
code predrmwmr. the abavs llmll of
Page 141 and 142:
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 HSF1 HSF2 HSF3 H
Page 143 and 144:
In order to evaluate the pred!etton
Page 145 and 146:
where, a, = fracture rlrenglh E = m
Page 147 and 148:
And. otN+l = B., b,'V-? - ofN.? ] o
Page 149 and 150:
The method of enlculat~ng N from rt
Page 151 and 152:
cmclung. called process zone. The r
Page 153 and 154:
The eompan%on d fnctue energy berwc
Page 155 and 156:
The numeneal lnvcstlgatnon war earn
Page 157 and 158:
6.2. Numerical Investigation An ana
Page 159 and 160:
REFERENCES ACI-ASCE Cammlnee 316. 1
Page 161 and 162:
CEB (Comltc Eum-lntemar!onal du Ber
Page 163 and 164:
Manouk. H.. and Husetn. A 1991. Pun
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