How to Think Like a Computer Scientist - Learning with Python, 2008a

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9.9 Glossary 105 9.9 Glossary Assign- immutable type: A type in which the elements cannot be modified. ments to elements or slices of immutable types cause an error. mutable type: A data type in which the elements can be modified. All mutable types are compound types. Lists and dictionaries are mutable data types; strings and tuples are not. tuple: A sequence type that is similar to a list except that it is immutable. Tuples can be used wherever an immutable type is required, such as a key in a dictionary. tuple assignment: An assignment to all of the elements in a tuple using a single assignment statement. Tuple assignment occurs in parallel rather than in sequence, making it useful for swapping values. deterministic: A program that does the same thing each time it is called. pseudorandom: A sequence of numbers that appear to be random but that are actually the result of a deterministic computation. histogram: A list of integers in which each element counts the number of times something happens. pattern matching: A program development plan that involves identifying a familiar computational pattern and copying the solution to a similar problem.
106 Tuples
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How to Think Like a Computer Scient
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How to Think Like a Computer Scient
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Foreword By David Beazley As an edu
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Preface By Jeff Elkner This book ow
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make instant changes whenever someo
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call (type) out its name.” Parame
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Contributor List To paraphrase the
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• Paul Sleigh found an error in C
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xvii • Roger Sperberg pointed out
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Contents Foreword v Preface vii Con
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Contents xxi 4.7 Nested conditional
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Contents xxiii 8.15 Matrices . . .
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Contents xxv 14.4 A more complicate
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Contents xxvii 19.4 Improved Linked
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Chapter 1 The way of the program Th
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1.2 What is a program? 3 $ python P
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1.3 What is debugging? 5 1.3.2 Runt
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1.4 Formal and natural languages 7
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1.6 Glossary 9 source code: A progr
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Chapter 2 Variables, expressions an
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2.3 Variable names and keywords 13
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2.4 Statements 15 >>> 76trombones =
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2.6 Operators and operands 17 2.6 O
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2.9 Composition 19 On one hand, thi
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2.11 Glossary 21 state diagram: A g
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Chapter 3 Functions 3.1 Function ca
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3.4 Math functions 25 >>> minute =
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3.6 Adding new functions 27 problem
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3.7 Definitions and use 29 3.7 Defi
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3.10 Variables and parameters are l
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3.12 Functions with results 33 The
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3.13 Glossary 35 local variable: A
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Chapter 4 Conditionals and recursio
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4.4 Conditional execution 39 In gen
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4.7 Nested conditionals 41 Each con
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4.9 Recursion 43 countdown expects
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4.11 Infinite recursion 45 4.11 Inf
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4.13 Glossary 47 block: A group of
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Chapter 5 Fruitful functions 5.1 Re
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5.2 Program development 51 avoid lo
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5.3 Composition 53 3. Once the prog
Page 84 and 85: 5.5 More recursion 55 But the extra
Page 86 and 87: 5.6 Leap of faith 57 __main__ facto
Page 88 and 89: 5.8 Checking types 59 >>> factorial
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 6 Iteration 6.1 Multiple as
Page 92 and 93: 6.2 The while statement 63 1. Evalu
Page 94 and 95: 6.3 Tables 65 1.0 0.0 2.0 0.6931471
Page 96 and 97: 6.5 Encapsulation and generalizatio
Page 98 and 99: 6.7 Local variables 69 6.7 Local va
Page 100 and 101: 6.9 Functions 71 the function is ca
Page 102 and 103: Chapter 7 Strings 7.1 A compound da
Page 104 and 105: 7.3 Traversal and the for loop 75 T
Page 106 and 107: 7.6 Strings are immutable 77 Other
Page 108 and 109: 7.9 The string module 79 As an exer
Page 110 and 111: 7.11 Glossary 81 There are other us
Page 112 and 113: Chapter 8 Lists A list is an ordere
Page 114 and 115: 8.3 List length 85 If you try to re
Page 116 and 117: 8.6 List operations 87 for VARIABLE
Page 118 and 119: 8.9 List deletion 89 >>> list = [
Page 120 and 121: 8.10 Objects and values 91 8.10 Obj
Page 122 and 123: 8.13 List parameters 93 >>> b[0] =
Page 124 and 125: 8.16 Strings and lists 95 might be
Page 126 and 127: Chapter 9 Tuples 9.1 Mutability and
Page 128 and 129: 9.3 Tuples as return values 99 9.3
Page 130 and 131: 9.6 Counting 101 >>> randomList(8)
Page 132 and 133: 9.7 Many buckets 103 bucketWidth =
Page 136 and 137: Chapter 10 Dictionaries The compoun
Page 138 and 139: 10.2 Dictionary methods 109 10.2 Di
Page 140 and 141: 10.5 Hints 111 An alternative is to
Page 142 and 143: 10.6 Long integers 113 Using this v
Page 144 and 145: 10.8 Glossary 115 overflow: A numer
Page 146 and 147: Chapter 11 Files and exceptions Whi
Page 148 and 149: 11.1 Text files 119 The following f
Page 150 and 151: 11.2 Writing variables 121 the str
Page 152 and 153: 11.3 Directories 123 11.3 Directori
Page 154 and 155: 11.5 Exceptions 125 Or trying to op
Page 156 and 157: 11.6 Glossary 127 format sequence:
Page 158 and 159: Chapter 12 Classes and objects 12.1
Page 160 and 161: 12.3 Instances as arguments 131 con
Page 162 and 163: 12.5 Rectangles 133 >>> p1 = Point(
Page 164 and 165: 12.8 Copying 135 The variables dwid
Page 166 and 167: 12.9 Glossary 137 12.9 Glossary cla
Page 168 and 169: Chapter 13 Classes and functions 13
Page 170 and 171: 13.3 Modifiers 141 The output of th
Page 172 and 173: 13.5 Prototype development versus p
Page 174 and 175: 13.8 Glossary 145 Similarly, the te
Page 176 and 177: Chapter 14 Classes and methods 14.1
Page 178 and 179: 14.3 Another example 149 class Time
Page 180 and 181: 14.5 Optional arguments 151 if done
Page 182 and 183: 14.7 Points revisited 153 >>> curre
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14.9 Polymorphism 155 def __mul__(s
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14.10 Glossary 157 Of course, we in
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Chapter 15 Sets of objects 15.1 Com
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15.3 Class attributes and the str m
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15.5 Decks 163 def __cmp__(self, ot
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15.7 Shuffling the deck 165 >>> dec
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15.9 Glossary 167 class Deck: ... d
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Chapter 16 Inheritance 16.1 Inherit
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16.3 Dealing cards 171 16.3 Dealing
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16.6 OldMaidHand class 173 class Ca
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16.7 OldMaidGame class 175 Hand fra
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16.7 OldMaidGame class 177 class Ol
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16.8 Glossary 179 Hand Allen picked
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Chapter 17 Linked lists 17.1 Embedd
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17.3 Lists as collections 183 node1
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17.5 Infinite lists 185 We invoke t
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17.8 Wrappers and helpers 187 def r
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17.10 Invariants 189 tail = self.ne
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Chapter 18 Stacks 18.1 Abstract dat
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18.4 Pushing and popping 193 def po
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18.7 Evaluating postfix 195 Python
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18.9 Glossary 197 18.9 Glossary abs
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Chapter 19 Queues This chapter pres
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19.3 Performance characteristics 20
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19.5 Priority queue 203 and it is m
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19.6 The Golfer class 205 19.6 The
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Chapter 20 Trees Like linked lists,
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20.2 Traversing trees 209 20.2 Trav
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20.4 Tree traversal 211 def printTr
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20.5 Building an expression tree 21
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20.5 Building an expression tree 21
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20.7 The animal tree 217 Are you th
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20.8 Glossary 219 def yes(ques): fr
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Appendix A Debugging Different kind
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A.2 Runtime errors 223 A.1.1 I can
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A.2 Runtime errors 225 If there is
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A.3 Semantic errors 227 A.3 Semanti
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A.3 Semantic errors 229 return self
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Appendix B Creating a new data type
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B.1 Fraction multiplication 233 >>>
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B.4 Comparing fractions 235 This re
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B.6 Glossary 237 reduce: To change
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Appendix C Recommendations for furt
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C.2 Recommended general computer sc
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Index Make Way for Ducklings, 75 Py
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Index 245 element, 83, 96 embedded
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Index 247 well-formed, 189 list del
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Index 249 redundancy, 7 reference,
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