How to Think Like a Computer Scientist - Learning with Python, 2008a

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Index 247 well-formed, 189 list deletion, 89 list method, 114, 163 list operation, 87 list traversal, 96 literalness, 7 local variable, 31, 35, 69 logarithm, 64 logical operator, 37, 38 long integer, 113 loop, 63, 72 body, 63, 72 condition, 224 for loop, 74 in list, 185 infinite, 63, 224 nested, 163 traversal, 74 while, 62 loop variable, 72, 171, 183 low-level language, 2, 9 lowercase, 80 map to, 160 math function, 25 mathematical operator, 232 matrix, 94 sparse, 110 McCloskey, Robert, 75 mental model, 227 method, 109, 115, 139, 148, 158 dictionary, 109 initialization, 152, 163 invocation, 109 list, 114, 163 model mental, 227 modifier, 141, 145 modifying lists, 186 module, 25, 35, 79 copy, 135 string, 80 modulus operator, 37, 47, 171 multiple assignment, 61, 72 multiplication fraction, 232 mutable, 77, 81, 97 list, 88 object, 134 mutable type, 105 NameError, 225 natural language, 6, 9, 131 negation, 236 nested list, 94, 96, 110 nested structure, 159 nesting, 47 newline, 72 node, 181, 190, 207, 219 Node class, 181 None, 50, 60 number random, 99 numerator, 231 object, 91, 96, 129, 137 list of, 163 mutable, 134 object code, 9 object instance, 130, 148, 162 object invariant, 189 object-oriented design, 169 object-oriented programming, 147, 169 object-oriented programming language, 147, 158 operand, 17, 21 operation dictionary, 108 list, 87 operator, 17, 21 binary, 209, 219 bracket, 73 conditional, 162 format, 120, 126, 205, 225 in, 86, 166 logical, 37, 38
248 Index modulus, 37, 171 overloading, 154, 232 operator overloading, 154, 158, 162, 205 order of evaluation, 228 order of operations, 17 ordering, 162 overload, 232 overloading, 158 operator, 205 override, 158, 162 parameter, 30, 35, 93, 131 list, 93 parent class, 169, 170, 172, 179 parent node, 207, 219 parse, 7, 9, 194, 197, 212 partial ordering, 162 pass statement, 39 path, 123 pattern, 78 pattern matching, 105 Pentium, 64 performance, 201 performance hazard, 206 pickle, 126 pickling, 123 planned development, 145 poetry, 7 Point class, 153 polymorphic, 158 polymorphism, 155 pop, 193 portability, 9 portable, 2 postfix, 194, 197, 209 postorder, 210, 219 precedence, 21, 228 precondition, 185, 190 prefix, 210, 219 preorder, 210, 219 print statement, 8, 9, 226 printing deck object, 163 hand of cards, 171 object, 131, 148 priority, 205 priority queue, 199, 206 ADT, 203 priority queueing, 199 problem-solving, 9 product, 214 program, 9 development, 72 program development encapsulation, 67 generalization, 67 programming language, 1 prompt, 45, 47 prose, 7 prototype development, 143 provider, 192, 197 pseudocode, 234 pseudorandom, 105 pure function, 140, 145 push, 193 queue, 199, 206 improved implementation, 201 linked implementation, 200 List implementation, 199 Queue ADT, 199 queueing policy, 199, 206 raise exception, 124, 126 random, 165 random number, 99 randrange, 165 rank, 159 rational, 231 rectangle, 133 recursion, 42, 44, 47, 55, 57, 209, 210 base case, 44 infinite, 45, 59, 224 recursive data structure, 181, 190, 208 recursive definition, 214 reduce, 234, 237
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How to Think Like a Computer Scient
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How to Think Like a Computer Scient
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Foreword By David Beazley As an edu
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Preface By Jeff Elkner This book ow
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make instant changes whenever someo
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call (type) out its name.” Parame
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Contributor List To paraphrase the
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• Paul Sleigh found an error in C
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xvii • Roger Sperberg pointed out
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Contents Foreword v Preface vii Con
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Contents xxi 4.7 Nested conditional
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Contents xxiii 8.15 Matrices . . .
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Contents xxv 14.4 A more complicate
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Contents xxvii 19.4 Improved Linked
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Chapter 1 The way of the program Th
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1.2 What is a program? 3 $ python P
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1.3 What is debugging? 5 1.3.2 Runt
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1.4 Formal and natural languages 7
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1.6 Glossary 9 source code: A progr
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Chapter 2 Variables, expressions an
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2.3 Variable names and keywords 13
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2.4 Statements 15 >>> 76trombones =
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2.6 Operators and operands 17 2.6 O
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2.9 Composition 19 On one hand, thi
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2.11 Glossary 21 state diagram: A g
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Chapter 3 Functions 3.1 Function ca
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3.4 Math functions 25 >>> minute =
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3.6 Adding new functions 27 problem
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3.7 Definitions and use 29 3.7 Defi
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3.10 Variables and parameters are l
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3.12 Functions with results 33 The
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3.13 Glossary 35 local variable: A
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Chapter 4 Conditionals and recursio
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4.4 Conditional execution 39 In gen
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4.7 Nested conditionals 41 Each con
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4.9 Recursion 43 countdown expects
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4.11 Infinite recursion 45 4.11 Inf
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4.13 Glossary 47 block: A group of
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Chapter 5 Fruitful functions 5.1 Re
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5.2 Program development 51 avoid lo
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5.3 Composition 53 3. Once the prog
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5.5 More recursion 55 But the extra
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5.6 Leap of faith 57 __main__ facto
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5.8 Checking types 59 >>> factorial
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Chapter 6 Iteration 6.1 Multiple as
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6.2 The while statement 63 1. Evalu
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6.3 Tables 65 1.0 0.0 2.0 0.6931471
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6.5 Encapsulation and generalizatio
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6.7 Local variables 69 6.7 Local va
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6.9 Functions 71 the function is ca
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Chapter 7 Strings 7.1 A compound da
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7.3 Traversal and the for loop 75 T
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7.6 Strings are immutable 77 Other
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7.9 The string module 79 As an exer
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7.11 Glossary 81 There are other us
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Chapter 8 Lists A list is an ordere
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8.3 List length 85 If you try to re
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8.6 List operations 87 for VARIABLE
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8.9 List deletion 89 >>> list = [
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8.10 Objects and values 91 8.10 Obj
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8.13 List parameters 93 >>> b[0] =
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8.16 Strings and lists 95 might be
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Chapter 9 Tuples 9.1 Mutability and
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9.3 Tuples as return values 99 9.3
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9.6 Counting 101 >>> randomList(8)
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9.7 Many buckets 103 bucketWidth =
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9.9 Glossary 105 9.9 Glossary Assig
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Chapter 10 Dictionaries The compoun
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10.2 Dictionary methods 109 10.2 Di
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10.5 Hints 111 An alternative is to
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10.6 Long integers 113 Using this v
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10.8 Glossary 115 overflow: A numer
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Chapter 11 Files and exceptions Whi
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11.1 Text files 119 The following f
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11.2 Writing variables 121 the str
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11.3 Directories 123 11.3 Directori
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11.5 Exceptions 125 Or trying to op
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11.6 Glossary 127 format sequence:
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Chapter 12 Classes and objects 12.1
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12.3 Instances as arguments 131 con
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12.5 Rectangles 133 >>> p1 = Point(
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12.8 Copying 135 The variables dwid
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12.9 Glossary 137 12.9 Glossary cla
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Chapter 13 Classes and functions 13
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13.3 Modifiers 141 The output of th
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13.5 Prototype development versus p
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13.8 Glossary 145 Similarly, the te
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Chapter 14 Classes and methods 14.1
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14.3 Another example 149 class Time
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14.5 Optional arguments 151 if done
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14.7 Points revisited 153 >>> curre
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14.9 Polymorphism 155 def __mul__(s
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14.10 Glossary 157 Of course, we in
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Chapter 15 Sets of objects 15.1 Com
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15.3 Class attributes and the str m
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15.5 Decks 163 def __cmp__(self, ot
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15.7 Shuffling the deck 165 >>> dec
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15.9 Glossary 167 class Deck: ... d
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Chapter 16 Inheritance 16.1 Inherit
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16.3 Dealing cards 171 16.3 Dealing
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16.6 OldMaidHand class 173 class Ca
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16.7 OldMaidGame class 175 Hand fra
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16.7 OldMaidGame class 177 class Ol
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16.8 Glossary 179 Hand Allen picked
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Chapter 17 Linked lists 17.1 Embedd
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17.3 Lists as collections 183 node1
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17.5 Infinite lists 185 We invoke t
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17.8 Wrappers and helpers 187 def r
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17.10 Invariants 189 tail = self.ne
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Chapter 18 Stacks 18.1 Abstract dat
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18.4 Pushing and popping 193 def po
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18.7 Evaluating postfix 195 Python
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Page 228 and 229: Chapter 19 Queues This chapter pres
Page 230 and 231: 19.3 Performance characteristics 20
Page 232 and 233: 19.5 Priority queue 203 and it is m
Page 234 and 235: 19.6 The Golfer class 205 19.6 The
Page 236 and 237: Chapter 20 Trees Like linked lists,
Page 238 and 239: 20.2 Traversing trees 209 20.2 Trav
Page 240 and 241: 20.4 Tree traversal 211 def printTr
Page 242 and 243: 20.5 Building an expression tree 21
Page 244 and 245: 20.5 Building an expression tree 21
Page 246 and 247: 20.7 The animal tree 217 Are you th
Page 248 and 249: 20.8 Glossary 219 def yes(ques): fr
Page 250 and 251: Appendix A Debugging Different kind
Page 252 and 253: A.2 Runtime errors 223 A.1.1 I can
Page 254 and 255: A.2 Runtime errors 225 If there is
Page 256 and 257: A.3 Semantic errors 227 A.3 Semanti
Page 258 and 259: A.3 Semantic errors 229 return self
Page 260 and 261: Appendix B Creating a new data type
Page 262 and 263: B.1 Fraction multiplication 233 >>>
Page 264 and 265: B.4 Comparing fractions 235 This re
Page 266 and 267: B.6 Glossary 237 reduce: To change
Page 268 and 269: Appendix C Recommendations for furt
Page 270 and 271: C.2 Recommended general computer sc
Page 272 and 273: Index Make Way for Ducklings, 75 Py
Page 274 and 275: Index 245 element, 83, 96 embedded
Page 278 and 279: Index 249 redundancy, 7 reference,
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