How to Think Like a Computer Scientist - Learning with Python, 2008a

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Index 245 element, 83, 96 embedded reference, 136, 181, 190, 207 encapsulate, 72 encapsulation, 67, 134, 191, 196 encode, 160, 167 encrypt, 160 equality, 132 error compile-time, 221 runtime, 5, 45, 221 semantic, 5, 221, 227 syntax, 4, 221 error checking, 58 error handling, 216 error messages, 221 escape sequence, 66, 72 Euclid, 234 eureka traversal, 78 except statement, 124, 126 exception, 5, 9, 124, 126, 221, 225 executable, 9 execution flow, 225 expression, 17, 21, 194 big and hairy, 228 boolean, 37, 47 expression tree, 209, 212 factorial function, 55, 58 Fibonacci function, 58, 111 FIFO, 199, 206 file, 117, 126 text, 119 float, 11 floating-point, 21, 129 flow of execution, 29, 35, 225 for loop, 74, 86 formal language, 6, 9 format operator, 120, 126, 205, 225 format string, 120, 126 frabjuous, 55 fraction, 231 addition, 234 comparison, 235 multiplication, 232 frame, 32, 35, 44, 112 function, 27, 35, 71, 139, 148 argument, 30 boolean, 54, 167 composition, 26, 53 factorial, 55 helper, 187 math, 25 parameter, 30 recursive, 44 tuple as return value, 99 wrapper, 187 function call, 23, 35 function definition, 27, 35 function frame, 32, 35, 44, 112 function type modifier, 141 pure, 140 functional programming style, 142, 145 fundamental ambiguity theorem, 190 game animal, 216 gamma function, 59 generalization, 67, 134, 144 generalize, 72 generic data structure, 192, 193 geometric sequence, 65 Golfer, 205 greatest common divisor, 234, 237 guardian, 60 handle exception, 124, 126 handling errors, 216 hanging, 223 hello world, 8 helper function, 187 helper method, 190 high-level language, 2, 9 hint, 111, 115 histogram, 104, 105, 113
246 Index Holmes, Sherlock, 5 identity, 132 immutable, 97 immutable string, 77 immutable type, 105 implementation Queue, 199 improved queue, 201 in operator, 86, 166 increment, 81 incremental development, 51, 60, 145 incremental program development, 222 index, 74, 81, 96, 107, 225 negative, 74 IndexError, 226 infinite list, 185 infinite loop, 63, 72, 223, 224 infinite recursion, 45, 47, 59, 223, 224 infix, 194, 197, 209 inheritance, 169, 179 initialization method, 152, 158, 163 inorder, 210, 219 instance, 131, 134, 137 object, 130, 148, 162 instantiate, 137 instantiation, 130 int, 11 integer long, 113 integer division, 17, 20, 21, 24 Intel, 64 interface, 192, 206 interpret, 2, 9 invariant, 189, 190 invoke, 115 invoking method, 109 irrational, 236 iteration, 61, 62, 72 join function, 95 key, 107, 115 key-value pair, 107, 115 KeyError, 226 keyword, 13, 15, 21 knowledge base, 216 language, 131 complete, 55 formal, 6 high-level, 2 low-level, 2 natural, 6 programming, 1 safe, 5 leaf node, 207, 219 leap of faith, 57, 184 length, 85 level, 207, 219 linear time, 201, 206 link, 190 linked list, 181, 190 linked queue, 200, 206 LinkedList, 188 Linux, 6 list, 83, 96, 181 as argument, 183 as parameter, 93 cloning, 92 element, 84 for loop, 86 infinite, 185 length, 85 linked, 181, 190 loop, 185 membership, 86 modifying, 186 mutable, 88 nested, 83, 94, 110 of objects, 163 printing, 183 printing backwards, 184 slice, 88 traversal, 85, 183 traverse recursively, 184
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How to Think Like a Computer Scient
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How to Think Like a Computer Scient
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Foreword By David Beazley As an edu
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Preface By Jeff Elkner This book ow
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make instant changes whenever someo
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call (type) out its name.” Parame
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Contributor List To paraphrase the
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• Paul Sleigh found an error in C
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xvii • Roger Sperberg pointed out
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Contents Foreword v Preface vii Con
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Contents xxi 4.7 Nested conditional
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Contents xxiii 8.15 Matrices . . .
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Contents xxv 14.4 A more complicate
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Contents xxvii 19.4 Improved Linked
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Chapter 1 The way of the program Th
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1.2 What is a program? 3 $ python P
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1.3 What is debugging? 5 1.3.2 Runt
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1.4 Formal and natural languages 7
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1.6 Glossary 9 source code: A progr
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Chapter 2 Variables, expressions an
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2.3 Variable names and keywords 13
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2.4 Statements 15 >>> 76trombones =
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2.6 Operators and operands 17 2.6 O
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2.9 Composition 19 On one hand, thi
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2.11 Glossary 21 state diagram: A g
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Chapter 3 Functions 3.1 Function ca
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3.4 Math functions 25 >>> minute =
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3.6 Adding new functions 27 problem
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3.7 Definitions and use 29 3.7 Defi
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3.10 Variables and parameters are l
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3.12 Functions with results 33 The
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3.13 Glossary 35 local variable: A
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Chapter 4 Conditionals and recursio
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4.4 Conditional execution 39 In gen
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4.7 Nested conditionals 41 Each con
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4.9 Recursion 43 countdown expects
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4.11 Infinite recursion 45 4.11 Inf
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4.13 Glossary 47 block: A group of
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Chapter 5 Fruitful functions 5.1 Re
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5.2 Program development 51 avoid lo
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5.3 Composition 53 3. Once the prog
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5.5 More recursion 55 But the extra
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5.6 Leap of faith 57 __main__ facto
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5.8 Checking types 59 >>> factorial
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Chapter 6 Iteration 6.1 Multiple as
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6.2 The while statement 63 1. Evalu
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6.3 Tables 65 1.0 0.0 2.0 0.6931471
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6.5 Encapsulation and generalizatio
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6.7 Local variables 69 6.7 Local va
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6.9 Functions 71 the function is ca
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Chapter 7 Strings 7.1 A compound da
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7.3 Traversal and the for loop 75 T
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7.6 Strings are immutable 77 Other
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7.9 The string module 79 As an exer
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7.11 Glossary 81 There are other us
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Chapter 8 Lists A list is an ordere
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8.3 List length 85 If you try to re
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8.6 List operations 87 for VARIABLE
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8.9 List deletion 89 >>> list = [
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8.10 Objects and values 91 8.10 Obj
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8.13 List parameters 93 >>> b[0] =
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8.16 Strings and lists 95 might be
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Chapter 9 Tuples 9.1 Mutability and
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9.3 Tuples as return values 99 9.3
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9.6 Counting 101 >>> randomList(8)
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9.7 Many buckets 103 bucketWidth =
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9.9 Glossary 105 9.9 Glossary Assig
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Chapter 10 Dictionaries The compoun
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10.2 Dictionary methods 109 10.2 Di
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10.5 Hints 111 An alternative is to
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10.6 Long integers 113 Using this v
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10.8 Glossary 115 overflow: A numer
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Chapter 11 Files and exceptions Whi
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11.1 Text files 119 The following f
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11.2 Writing variables 121 the str
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11.3 Directories 123 11.3 Directori
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11.5 Exceptions 125 Or trying to op
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11.6 Glossary 127 format sequence:
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Chapter 12 Classes and objects 12.1
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12.3 Instances as arguments 131 con
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12.5 Rectangles 133 >>> p1 = Point(
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12.8 Copying 135 The variables dwid
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12.9 Glossary 137 12.9 Glossary cla
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Chapter 13 Classes and functions 13
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13.3 Modifiers 141 The output of th
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13.5 Prototype development versus p
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13.8 Glossary 145 Similarly, the te
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Chapter 14 Classes and methods 14.1
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14.3 Another example 149 class Time
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14.5 Optional arguments 151 if done
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14.7 Points revisited 153 >>> curre
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14.9 Polymorphism 155 def __mul__(s
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14.10 Glossary 157 Of course, we in
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Chapter 15 Sets of objects 15.1 Com
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15.3 Class attributes and the str m
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15.5 Decks 163 def __cmp__(self, ot
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15.7 Shuffling the deck 165 >>> dec
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15.9 Glossary 167 class Deck: ... d
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Chapter 16 Inheritance 16.1 Inherit
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16.3 Dealing cards 171 16.3 Dealing
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16.6 OldMaidHand class 173 class Ca
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16.7 OldMaidGame class 175 Hand fra
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16.7 OldMaidGame class 177 class Ol
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16.8 Glossary 179 Hand Allen picked
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Chapter 17 Linked lists 17.1 Embedd
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17.3 Lists as collections 183 node1
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17.5 Infinite lists 185 We invoke t
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17.8 Wrappers and helpers 187 def r
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17.10 Invariants 189 tail = self.ne
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Chapter 18 Stacks 18.1 Abstract dat
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18.4 Pushing and popping 193 def po
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Page 228 and 229: Chapter 19 Queues This chapter pres
Page 230 and 231: 19.3 Performance characteristics 20
Page 232 and 233: 19.5 Priority queue 203 and it is m
Page 234 and 235: 19.6 The Golfer class 205 19.6 The
Page 236 and 237: Chapter 20 Trees Like linked lists,
Page 238 and 239: 20.2 Traversing trees 209 20.2 Trav
Page 240 and 241: 20.4 Tree traversal 211 def printTr
Page 242 and 243: 20.5 Building an expression tree 21
Page 244 and 245: 20.5 Building an expression tree 21
Page 246 and 247: 20.7 The animal tree 217 Are you th
Page 248 and 249: 20.8 Glossary 219 def yes(ques): fr
Page 250 and 251: Appendix A Debugging Different kind
Page 252 and 253: A.2 Runtime errors 223 A.1.1 I can
Page 254 and 255: A.2 Runtime errors 225 If there is
Page 256 and 257: A.3 Semantic errors 227 A.3 Semanti
Page 258 and 259: A.3 Semantic errors 229 return self
Page 260 and 261: Appendix B Creating a new data type
Page 262 and 263: B.1 Fraction multiplication 233 >>>
Page 264 and 265: B.4 Comparing fractions 235 This re
Page 266 and 267: B.6 Glossary 237 reduce: To change
Page 268 and 269: Appendix C Recommendations for furt
Page 270 and 271: C.2 Recommended general computer sc
Page 272 and 273: Index Make Way for Ducklings, 75 Py
Page 276 and 277: Index 247 well-formed, 189 list del
Page 278 and 279: Index 249 redundancy, 7 reference,
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