atw - International Journal for Nuclear Power | 06.2021

atw Vol. 66 (2021) | Issue 6 ı November
gene rating capacity projections that
began in the previous (2019) report
con tinues. In the period, two newcomer
countries – Belarus and the
United Arab Emirates – connected
their first reactors to the grid; further
reactors were commissioned in China,
India, Pakistan and Russia; construction
of new reactors was
launched in China, Iran and Turkey;
and many other countries are considering
either expanding existing
nuclear programmes (e.g. Argentina,
Brazil, Bulgaria, Netherlands,
Romania, South Africa) or building
their first reactors (e.g. Egypt, Poland,
Uzbekistan). The nuclear generation
capacity is expected to grow by 2.6 %
annually, reaching 615 GWe by 2040
in the Reference Scenario.
The report found that world
uranium production dropped considerably
from 63,207 tonnes of
uranium (tU) in 2016 to 47,731 tU in
2020. Unfavourable market conditions,
compounded by the Covid-19
pandemic, led to a sharp decrease in
Operating Results August 2021
investment in the development of new
and existing mines. The currently
depressed uranium market has caused
not only a sharp decrease in uranium
exploration activities (by 77 % from
$2.12 billion in 2014 to nearly $483
million in 2018) but also the curtailment
of uranium production at
existing mines, with more than
20,500 tonnes of annual production
being idled. Uranium production
volumes at existing mines are projected
to remain fairly stable until the
late 2020s, then decreasing by more
than half from 2030 to 2040
Intense development of new projects
will be needed in the current
decade to avoid potential supply
disruptions. A number of projects at
very advanced stages of development
are waiting for an improved supplydemand
market situation in order to
commence uranium production.
According to the report, there will
have to be a doubling in the development
pipeline for new projects by
2040. There are more than adequate
project extensions, uranium resources
and other projects in the pipeline to
accomplish this need, but it is essential
for the market to send the signals
needed to launch the development of
these projects.Beyond mining, the
report found that:
p In the conversion sector, near-term
reactor requirements in UF6 will
be largely covered by commercial
inventories. By 2023, global conversion
production is expected to
meet requirements due to the
ramp-up and restart of existing
facilities. Nevertheless, in the longrun
more conversion capacity will
be needed.
p In the enrichment sector, excess
capacity is currently used for
underfeeding and tails re-enrichment,
bringing in approximately
6,000 – 8,000 tU in support of the
undersupplied uranium market.
This will largely be reduced over
time, as enrichment requirements
rise due to nuclear generating
capacity growth.
*) Net-based values
(Czech and Swiss nuclear
power plants
gross-based)
1) Refueling
2) Inspection
3) Repair
4) Stretch-out-operation
5) Stretch-in-operation
6) Hereof traction supply
7) Incl. steam supply
BWR: Boiling
Water Reactor
PWR: Pressurised Water
Reactor
Source: VGB
59
NEWS
Plant name Country Nominal
capacity
Type
gross
[MW]
net
[MW]
Operating
time
generator
[h]
Energy generated, gross
[MWh]
Month Year Since
commissioning
Time availability
[%]
Energy availability
[%] *) Energy utilisation
[%] *)
Month Year Month Year Month Year
OL1 Olkiluoto BWR FI 920 890 744 678 638 4 952 713 281 987 430 100.00 93.40 99.94 92.33 99.15 92.32
OL2 Olkiluoto BWR FI 920 890 744 676 351 4 584 694 271 487 416 100.00 85.96 100.00 85.54 98.81 85.46
KCB Borssele PWR NL 512 484 744 371 004 2 391 952 174 460 749 100.00 81.55 100.00 90.37 97.31 80.09
KKB 1 Beznau 7) PWR CH 380 365 744 278 008 2 087 005 135 298 391 100.00 94.67 100.00 94.30 98.25 94.11
KKB 2 Beznau 1,2,7) PWR CH 380 365 131 48 079 1 970 778 142 347 079 17.61 89.49 17.37 89.46 16.58 88.90
KKG Gösgen 7) PWR CH 1060 1010 744 775 908 5 224 110 336 110 699 100.00 95.35 99.82 84.61 98.39 84.52
CNT-I Trillo PWR ES 1066 1003 744 779 119 4 842 415 268 866 263 100.00 79.67 100.00 79.05 97.35 77.33
Dukovany B1 PWR CZ 500 473 744 361 297 2 359 415 122 003 854 100.00 82.87 100.00 82.22 97.12 80.93
Dukovany B2 PWR CZ 500 473 744 356 903 2 852 421 117 464 336 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.89 95.94 97.84
Dukovany B3 PWR CZ 500 473 744 361 147 2 289 190 115 649 747 100.00 81.31 100.00 80.22 97.08 78.52
Dukovany B4 PWR CZ 500 473 744 364 221 2 215 940 116 781 842 100.00 77.59 100.00 76.97 97.91 76.01
Temelin B1 PWR CZ 1086 1036 744 805 249 4 805 633 134 376 923 100.00 76.74 99.93 76.04 99.66 76.13
Temelin B2 PWR CZ 1086 1036 102 91 707 4 651 488 130 240 392 13.71 73.35 11.35 72.76 11.35 73.45
Doel 1 PWR BE 467 445 744 342 593 2 385 029 142 398 870 100.00 87.73 99.92 87.14 99.24 87.81
Doel 2 PWR BE 467 445 744 342 520 2 298 860 140 908 925 100.00 85.27 99.98 84.47 98.34 84.25
Doel 3 PWR BE 1056 1006 644 594 195 5 930 116 277 142 427 86.52 97.80 86.14 97.44 74.58 95.64
Doel 4 PWR BE 1086 1038 744 796 782 6 336 664 283 696 653 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 97.12 98.69
Tihange 1 PWR BE 1009 962 744 737 243 5 838 975 313 705 950 100.00 100.00 99.84 99.64 98.31 99.45
Tihange 2 PWR BE 1055 1008 744 749 533 4 868 359 270 572 176 100.00 84.13 96.93 79.82 96.23 79.73
Tihange 3 PWR BE 1089 1038 744 789 968 6 250 404 292 904 062 100.00 100.00 99.85 99.95 97.98 98.95
Plant name
Type
Nominal
capacity
gross
[MW]
net
[MW]
Operating
time
generator
[h]
Energy generated, gross
[MWh]
Time availability
[%]
Energy availability Energy utilisation
[%] *) [%] *)
Month Year Since Month Year Month Year Month Year
commissioning
GKN-II Neckarwestheim DWR 1400 1310 736 1 010 380 7 074 100 358 425 644 100.00 88.52 100.00 88.50 97.21 86.84
KBR Brokdorf DWR 1480 1410 744 1 038 035 8 070 300 379 333 629 100.00 100.00 98.65 99.76 94.05 93.30
KKE Emsland DWR 1406 1335 744 1 008 876 7 483 627 376 494 328 100.00 93.15 100.00 93.04 96.39 91.30
KKI-2 Isar DWR 1485 1410 744 1 072 168 8 429 487 385 858 530 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.99 96.67 97.01
KRB C Gundremmingen SWR 1344 1288 744 985 716 7 793 158 358 270 924 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.70 97.78 98.72
KWG Grohnde DWR 1430 1360 744 1 005 707 7 063 006 405 823 355 100.00 89.04 100.00 88.76 93.89 84.23
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